Screening of Bacteria with Antiviral Activity from Fresh Water Salmonid Hatcheries

Kamei, Yuto; Yoshimizu, Mamoru; Ezura, Yoshio; Kondo, Takahisa

doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1988.tb01366.x

Cited by 70 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The RNA sequences of the phages may also influence their electrohydrodynamic and aggregation profiles (31,32) and thus the comparative persistence patterns at different pHs. Even though the inactivating effects of indigenous microorganisms on the activity of viruses in some aquatic environments have been reported previously (26,33,34), the microbiota of the river water in this study may not have virusinactivating effects. In addition, besides inactivation of microorganisms and enzymes potentially present, heat treatment may also lead to other changes such as colloidal properties of the suspended solids in the river water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Comparative Persistence of Subgroups of F-Specific RNA Phages in River Water

Yang

Griffiths

2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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F-specific (F؉) RNA phages are widely used as indicators for the presence of fecal contamination and/or enteric viruses in water, and identifying subgroups of F؉ RNA phages provides an approach for microbial source tracking. Different survival characteristics of the F؉ RNA phage subgroups result in a misinterpretation of their original proportion in water, thus giving misleading information when they are used for microbial source tracking. This study investigated the comparative persistence of subgroups of F؉ RNA phages in river water under different conditions. Results suggested that temperature and pH are the major factors affecting the persistence of F؉ RNA phages in river water, and organic substances promote phage survival. The comparative persistence patterns of subgroups of F؉ RNA phages varied and may bias extrapolation of their initial proportions in surface water. Thus, the characteristics of water should be taken into consideration and the results should be carefully interpreted when F؉ RNA phages are used for microbial source tracking. F-specific (Fϩ) RNA phages are a group of single-stranded RNA bacteriophages belonging to the family Leviviridae (1, 2); they infect host bacteria by absorbing to and injecting RNA through sex pili on the surfaces of the cells (3). Fϩ RNA phages are divided into four subgroups according to their serology and phylogeny (4) and have been recommended as indicators for the presence of viral pathogens and fecal contamination, since they are similar to enteric viruses in genomic and physical properties, they are transmitted by the fecal-oral route as are enteric viruses, and their presence is highly correlated to viral contamination in various water types (3, 5). An interesting phenomenon is that subgroups II and III are generally of human origin and subgroups I and IV are predominantly isolated from animal feces (6, 7). This provides the potential to distinguish fecal contamination of human or animal origin.Phage groups differ in their resistances to environmental stressors and exhibit various persistences in aquatic environments (8), which may bias the relative prevalence of different phage groups in aquatic environments, thus leading to potential errors in the assessment of water quality. In order to assess the usefulness of viral indicators and to collect quantitative information necessary for risk assessment of water quality and water disinfection processes, investigations on the survival characteristics of some phages have been conducted (9, 10). However, most of these studies have investigated the impact of only one stressor on the survival characteristics of phage indicators (1), or employed one phage strain as a surrogate to determine the effect of environmental or processing stresses on viral survival or activity (11). Little information is currently available about the differential persistence among the four subgroups of Fϩ RNA bacteriophages in surface water, a main source of water for irrigation. Differential persistence of subgroups of Fϩ RNA phages may bias th...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Comparative Persistence of Subgroups of F-Specific RNA Phages in River Water

Yang

Griffiths

2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…It has been reported that strains of Pseudomonas sp., Vibrio sp., Aeromonas sp. and groups of coryneforms isolated from salmonid hatcheries showed antiviral activity against infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus, with more than 50% plaque reduction (Kamei et al 1988). This observation could be of interest for further identification of coryneform organisms from laying hens, and their potential probiotic properties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The potential for probiotics to prevent reproductive tract lesions in free-range laying hens

Shini

Blackall

2013

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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Abstract.A study was undertaken to investigate the ability of two commercial probiotics applied in free-range laying hens (from 18 to 22 weeks of age) in reducing the occurrence of reproductive tract pathologies, and improving hen health and performance. In all, 630 17-week-old brown layers were transferred to a freshly cleaned free-range laying facility, and randomly divided into three groups, with three replicates of 70 birds each. Both probiotics were administered in the drinking water (Groups 1 and 2) on a daily basis for 4 weeks, while Group 3 was left untreated. At 38 weeks of age, the results demonstrated that treatment with either probiotic significantly reduced the occurrence of reproductive tract pathologies (control vs probiotics, 33% vs 22% and 11%; P < 0.01), mortalities (control vs probiotics; 3.8% vs 1.5 and 1.9%; P < 0.01), and increased the performance of hens, for another 20 weeks post-treatments (hen day production for control vs probiotics 75% vs 90% and 94%; P < 0.01). Birds treated with probiotics maintained their bodyweight and egg weights at standard ranges, while untreated birds did not perform at this level. Although we were unable to show any effect on cloacal bacterial colonisation, the results of the present study provided some initial evidence that reproductive pathologies that often cause drops in egg production and sudden deaths of birds, can be reduced if free range hens are treated with a commercial probiotic before or during the onset of lay. The use of a probiotic benefits the health and performance status of hens, resulting in better hen welfare and significant economic gains to egg producers.

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“…Actually 5.7% of isolated bacteria from environmental T-1; Tsurumi River December, 2.5 < 1.8 * 1 < 1.8 < 1.8 NT * 2 T-2; Tsurumi River 2004 2.5 < 1.8 * 1 < 1.8 < 1.8 NT T-3; Tsurumi River 2.5 < 1.8 * 1 < 1.8 < 1.8 NT T-4; Ookuma River 2.5 < 1.8 * 1 < 1.8 < 1.8 NT T-5; Onda River 2.5 < 2.1 < 1.8 * 1 < 1.8 NT T-6; Asabu River 2.5 < 2.1 < 2.1 < 1. water showed anti-KHV activity. We have reported that many bacteria showing anti-viral activity were isolated from fish rearing water and played an important role in the microbial ecosystem (Yoshimizu et al, 1976;Kamei et al, 1987Kamei et al, , 1988aKimura et al, 1990;Yoshimizu and Ezura, 1999). Anti-viral mechanisms of the bacteria isolated from Tsurumi River and from Goryokaku are unknown, but these bacteria were assumed to produce anti-viral substances that reduce of KHV infectivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 147 bacterial strains were isolated from the Tsurumi River and 62 bacterial strains were isolated from water from Goryokaku. Subsequently, 1 platinum loop of bacterial cells was aerobically grown for 72 h by inoculating into duplicate wells of a 24-well tissue culture plate (BD) containing 1 mL of CYG broth (Casamino acids 5.0 g; Yeast extract 0.5 g; Glucose 1.0 g; NaCl 6.8 g; KCl 0.4 g; MgSO 4 • 7H 2 O 0.2 g; CaCl 2 • 2H 2 O 0.26 g; DW 1L, pH 7.2, Kamei et al, 1988a) on a rotary shaker at 100 rpm at 25∞C. The media were filtered (Millipore, 0.45 mm), and the supernatant was mixed with an equal volume of KHV solution (10 3 TCID 50 /mL).…”

Section: Isolation Of Anti-khv Bacteria From Environmental Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of Koi Herpesvirus (KHV) in Environmental Water

Shimizu¹,

Yoshida²,

Kasai³

et al. 2006

Fish Pathol.

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ABSTRACT-The survivability of koi herpesvirus (KHV) in environmental water and sediment was evaluated using CCB cells. Samples were collected from Ibaraki prefecture, Kanagawa prefecture and Hakodate, Hokkaido. Significant reduction in the infectious titer of KHV was observed within 3 days in intact environmental water or sediment. However, KHV infectivity remained for more than 7 days in autoclaved or filtered (0.45 mm) water. In the autoclaved water containing sediment, KHV infectivity dropped below detectable limits within 7 days after inoculation. Ten of the 147 bacterial strains from rivers in Kanagawa, and two of the 62 bacterial strains from water from, Hakodate showed anti-KHV properties. The results suggest that in the absence of hosts, KHV can be rapidly inactivated in environmental water.

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Screening of Bacteria with Antiviral Activity from Fresh Water Salmonid Hatcheries

Cited by 70 publications

References 11 publications

Comparative Persistence of Subgroups of F-Specific RNA Phages in River Water

Comparative Persistence of Subgroups of F-Specific RNA Phages in River Water

The potential for probiotics to prevent reproductive tract lesions in free-range laying hens

Survival of Koi Herpesvirus (KHV) in Environmental Water

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