Mechanism of Pancreatic Polypeptide Release in Man

Adrian, Thomas E.; Besterman, H S; Cooke, T. J. C.; Bloom, Stephen R.; Barnes, Alan; Russell, R. C. G.; Faber, Richard

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(77)91762-7

Cited by 254 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Amino acids are known PP secretagogues in in vitro studies using the isolated perfused porcine [5] or canine [6] pancreas or pancreatic tissue slices [7]. However, these in vitro data are in contrast with the failure to demonstrate increased plasma PP concentrations in man [8] and pig [9], including our canine study in vivo, but are in accordance with the present results after vagotomy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Effects of amino acids on pancreatic polypeptide before and after vagotomy in the dog

et al. 1986

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Summary.We have previously indicated a marked influence of the vagus nerve on postprandial pancreatic polypeptide secretion. The present study was designed to determine whether the vagus nerve also plays a role in the regulation of pancreatic polypeptide secretion by absorbed nutrients. The pancreatic polypeptide responses to 17 intravenously administered amino acids, as well as arginine and glucose, were measured and compared with those 1 year after truncal vagotomy in conscious dogs. In response to the infusion of a mixture of amino acids (20g during 60min), plasma pancreatic polypeptide concentrations decreased in normal dogs. The effect was, however, completely reversed by vagotomy, with a significant pancreatic polypeptide release being observed (p < 0.05). Arginine (5 g during 60 rain) also showed a similar, although not statistically significant, effect. After intravenous bolus-injection of glucose (0.5 g/kg body weight), a transient decrease of pancreatic polypeptide secretion was found; vagotomy abolished this response. These results suggest that the vagus nerve may have a suppressive role in the process of pancreatic polypeptide secretion induced by intravenous amino acid(s) and glucose.Key words: Pancreatic polypeptide, vagotomy, amino acids.Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is a 36-amino acid linear polypeptide derived primarily from the pancreas. So far, data concerning PP release are consistent with the hypothesis that vagal cholinergic innervation of the pancreas is necessary for effective release of this peptide. Activation of vagal cholinergic mechanisms results in PP release.PP is released by food, especially by protein rich meals in a biphasic pattern. This postprandial PP response is mediated both by vagal and non-vagal cholinergic mechanisms. Muscarinic cholinergic-neural transmission must be involved [1][2]. However, studies of the effects of absorbed nutrients on PP secretion are few and still inconsistent, with discrepancies between in vivo and in vitro investigations being reported. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the vagus nerve on PP secretion by intravenously administered amino acid(s) and glucose. Materials and methods Experimental protocolsSix adult mongrel dogs weighing about 12 kg were used for the study. All were healthy, well-conditioned, and fasted for 16 h before the experiment. Indwelling butterfly needles were inserted in each vein of the two forelegs. Blood samples were collected at -20, -10, 0, and between 5 (or 2.5) and 120min. The following three protocols were performed in each dog while in the conscious state: (a) Intravenous administration of 17 amino acids: 20 g of an L-amino acid solution in 0.21 (12% Ispol, Daigo, Japan) was infused at a constant rate for 60 rain. (b) Intravenous administration of arginine: 5 g of L-arginine in 0.21 saline (0.9%) was infused at a constant rate for 60 rain. (c) Intravenous administration of glucose: glucose, 0.5 g/kg body wt., 25% solution, was injected as a bolus within 30 s.After completion of these...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Effects of amino acids on pancreatic polypeptide before and after vagotomy in the dog

et al. 1986

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“…On the otherhand, others (Adrian et al 1977; Stern and Hansky 1981; Sander-Jensen et al 1985) have reported no differences between two groups. In contrast, in gastric ulcer patients, basal and stimulated PP levels were lower (Stern and Hansky 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…275 involved in basal levels as well as postprandial level. Observations on PP levels in patients with peptic ulcer have been reported by some authors (Schwartz et al 1976(Schwartz et al , 1978(Schwartz et al , 1979Adrian et al 1977; Stern and Hansky 1981; Gustavsson et al 1982;Kunita et al 1984;Sander-Jensen et al 1985), although they are still contradictory.…”

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confidence: 97%

“…However, in some cases, little or no significant change is seen in basal PP concentrations after injection of atropine and benzilonium (Schwartz et al 1978(Schwartz et al , 1979 or after truncal vagotomy (Schwartz et al 1976;Taylor et al 1978b). The plasma rise seen after meal in vagotomised patients was not significantly different from that in normal subjects (Adrian et al 1977;Taylor et al 1978a), indicating that non-cholinergic mechanism controlling PP release including gastric emptying time is partially Received December 19, 1986; accepted for publication January 22, 1987. 275 involved in basal levels as well as postprandial level.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Correlation between gastric emptying time and the response of pancreatic polypeptide to test meals in peptic ulcer diseases.

Koizumi

Kawamura

Ishimori

et al. 1987

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Hospital of Japanese National Railways, Sendai 980 KOIZUMI, F., KAWAMURA, T., ISHIMORI, A., EBINA, II. and SATOH, M. Correlation between Gastric Emptying Time and the Response of Pancreatic Polypeptide to Test Meals in Peptic Ulcer Diseases. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1987, 151(3), 275-281 In the present study, pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels both in basal state and after stimulation by meal were determined in 21 controls, 28 patients with gastric ulcer and 21 patients with duodenal ulcer and their correlation with gastric emptying was examined. In patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers, basal levels as well as stimulated of plasma PP during 95 min of observation period were higher than those in controls except for the values at 5 min. As no correlation was seen between integrated PP response (IPPR) to the meal and T112 for gastric emptying in any of three groups, it was indicated that gastric emptying has only a minor role in postprandial PP response. gastric emptying ; pancreatic polypeptide ; peptic ulcer ; gastric ulcer ; duodenal ulcer

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“…The vagus nerve plays the major role in the PP secretion (Schwartz 1983), which, in contrast, is modulated by adrenergic mechanisms both in man (Berger et al 1980;Feurle et al 1980;Lantigua et al 1980; Sive et al 1980; Flaten and Myren 1981; Linnestad and Schrumpf 1982; Thompson et al 1985) and experimental animals (Linnestad et al 1983). An increased release of PP, in response to insulin hypoglycemia, has generally been ascribed to vagal activity, as it is almost abolished by vagotomy (Adrian et al 1977; Schwartz et al 1978) and diminished by administration of atropine (Schwartz et al 1978). Since hypoglycemia also is a strong stimulus of the adrenergic system (Garber et al 1976), one would expect a close correlation between these systems and PP increments evoked by insulin-induced hypoglycemia.…”

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confidence: 99%

Role of autonomic nervous system in the response of plasma pancreatic polypeptide to glycopenia in dogs.

Koizumi¹,

Ohneda

1990

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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The effect of cholinergic and adrenergic influences on pancreatic polypeptide (PP) release was studied in dogs. Administration of acetylcholine resulted in an elevation of plasma PP, whereas epinephrine induced no increase. Insulin-induced hypoglycemia increased plasma PP in a conscious state but not in anesthetized dogs. The infusion of phentolamine or propranolol did not affect the response of plasma PP to insulininduced hypoglycemia, whereas atropine markedly inhibited the increase in plasma PP. Likewise, atropine reduced the rise of plasma PP during the intravenous administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG). We conclude from the present experiments that cholinergic mechanisms are of major importance in the response of PP to insulin-and 2-DG-induced glucoprivation, while the major role of the adrenergic mechanism was not proved,

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Mechanism of Pancreatic Polypeptide Release in Man

Cited by 254 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of amino acids on pancreatic polypeptide before and after vagotomy in the dog

Effects of amino acids on pancreatic polypeptide before and after vagotomy in the dog

Correlation between gastric emptying time and the response of pancreatic polypeptide to test meals in peptic ulcer diseases.

Role of autonomic nervous system in the response of plasma pancreatic polypeptide to glycopenia in dogs.

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