Mechanism of formation of diatremes

Novikov, L. A.; Slobodskoy, R. M.

doi:10.1080/00206818209467160

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Kimberlite bodies are pipeshaped with steep ($80-84°), sharp contacts with the surrounding country rocks (Novikov and Slobodskoy 1978). Kimberlite pipes often occur within a network of fractures, and are generally associated with linear dikes (Kurslauskis et al 1998).…”

Section: Kimberlite Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kimberlite pipes often occur within a network of fractures, and are generally associated with linear dikes (Kurslauskis et al 1998). Kimberlite pipe xenoliths are transported from below or above, such that blocks transported from below tend to be rounded whereas those falling from above tend to be angular (Novikov and Slobodskoy 1978). Kimberlite xenoliths are commonly flattened, with a predominant long axis between 0.3 and 0.7 m long (Novikov and Slobodskoy 1978;Fig.…”

Section: Kimberlite Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kimberlite pipe xenoliths are transported from below or above, such that blocks transported from below tend to be rounded whereas those falling from above tend to be angular (Novikov and Slobodskoy 1978). Kimberlite xenoliths are commonly flattened, with a predominant long axis between 0.3 and 0.7 m long (Novikov and Slobodskoy 1978;Fig. 11a, b Results from minimum fluidization calculations (see text for discussion).…”

Section: Kimberlite Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…a Block diameter, and b fluid density relationships Kurslauskis et al 1998). Locally derived xenoliths are concentrated around the periphery of the pipe whereas those transported from below tend to be concentrated preferentially in the center of the kimberlite pipe (e.g., Novikov and Slobodskoy 1978). Kimberlites also may be surrounded by breccias of the country rocks in the exocontact where the matrix is comprised of the kimberlite pipe matrix (Novikov and Slobodskoy 1978).…”

Section: Kimberlite Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Fluid overpressure in layered intrusions: formation of a breccia pipe in the Eastern Bushveld Complex, Republic of South Africa

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fluids and volatile fluid overpressures in layered intrusions are becoming recognized as having important functions in magma chamber processes for the formation of magmatic structures and for the movement and concentration of economically important ore elements. We re-examine a breccia pipe in the Bushveld Complex to investigate the role of volatile fluid overpressure in its emplacement. This 10-m-diameter breccia pipe was emplaced vertically in the anorthosite of the Upper Critical Zone of the Bushveld Complex and contains blocks of Bushveld anorthosite, norite, and pyroxenite, apparently derived from lower in the stratigraphy. The blocks are commonly elongate, and are tightly packed within an ultramafic pegmatite groundmass. Ultramafic pegmatitic dikes radiate bilaterally from the pipe. Microprobe analyses of plagioclase in the breccia pipe blocks reveal that these grains are unzoned and have higher anorthosite content ($An 85 ) than host rock plagioclase ($An 75 ), indicating that the breccia pipe blocks were transported considerable vertical distances. Whole-rock major-and trace-element data show enrichment in fluid-soluble incompatible elements, supporting the role of volatile fluids in the formation of the pipe. A model is examined in which the segregation of a fluid phase from interstitial liquids in the cumulate section below the breccia pipe leads to the development of sufficient overpressure for its explosive emplacement. Fluid overpressure can develop by compaction and during crystallization of plagioclase-saturated silicate liquids as fluids exsolve from the solidifying interstitial liquid. If fluids separate faster than they can escape from the crystal pile, significant overpressures can develop. The minimum fluidization velocity which would be required to emplace blocks of the size and density found within the breccia pipe is found to be 10-110 m/s. The crystallization model predicts the development of about 400 bar of overpressure, an amount calculated to be sufficient for pipe emplacement.

show abstract

Section: Kimberlite Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Kimberlite Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Kimberlite Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Kimberlite Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fluid overpressure in layered intrusions: formation of a breccia pipe in the Eastern Bushveld Complex, Republic of South Africa

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…kimberlite pipes and diatremes), the resulting conduit zone will comprise mixtures of sediments and igneous material, and associated surface deposits dominated by pyroclastic material [e.g. [91][92][93][94]. Kimberlite pipes are generally formed from fragmentation of deep dyke complexes [e.g.…”

Section: The Mud Volcanoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Mud Volcanoes Associated to Gas Hydrate System

Tinivella¹,

Giustiniani²

2012

Updates in Volcanology - New Advances in Understanding Volcanic Systems

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Energy sources for mantle plumes

Sonnenfeld

1981

Geol Rundsch

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With 6 figures ZusammenfassungMantel,plumes" haben ihren Urspmng in einer gezielten Massenverfraehtung vom Mantel zum Kern und fiihren zur Mantelentgasung. Die Fortpflanzungsenergie entsteht aus frei werdender Bfldungsenergie, Dichteverminderung und teilweiser Verfliissigung. Die Energie verfl/ichtigt sich bei Ausdehnung und BiBbildung der iiberlagemden Kruste. AbstractMantle plumes are the consequence of a focussed transfer of mass from mantle to core and are agents of outgassing from the mantle. The energy of propagation is derived from released energy of their formation, decreases in density, and partial fluidization. This energy is dissipated during distension and rupture of the overlying crust. R~sum6Plumes en le manteau sont deriv~es d'un transfert de masse dbs le manteau au noyau. Elles sont agents de la d~gassification du manteau. L'~nergie de la propagation est deriv~e de l%nergie de la formation liber~e, des d~croissements de la densit6, et de la fluidification partielle. Cette ~nergie est dissip~e pendant la dilatation et la rupture de la crofite s'&en-dante l~t-dessus. I~paT~oe co~ep~,aHHe,,Plumes" MaHTHH 05pa3yr0TCH B pe3yJI~TaTe ~eJIeyeTpeMJIeHHOl~O nepeHoea Maee~i H3 MaHTHH 1K a~py, qTO BeReT K noTepe l~a30B MaHTHe~. ~HepPHH pacHpocTpeHeHHYl COCTaBJIeHR H3: oeB050~HBIHe~cYl 3HepFHH 06pa30BaHHYl, yMeHbmeHHH rIJIOTHOCTH H qaeTHqHOI~0 pa3~KH>I~eHHYl, l-IoTepH sHepPHH BO3HHKaeT npH paCTHYKeHHH H pa3pbxBaX HepePpy>~eHHoi~ l~opbL

show abstract

Mechanism of formation of diatremes

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Fluid overpressure in layered intrusions: formation of a breccia pipe in the Eastern Bushveld Complex, Republic of South Africa

Fluid overpressure in layered intrusions: formation of a breccia pipe in the Eastern Bushveld Complex, Republic of South Africa

An Overview of Mud Volcanoes Associated to Gas Hydrate System

Energy sources for mantle plumes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About