Mechanism of electrical breakdown of gases for pressures from 10<sup>−9</sup>to 1 bar and inter-electrode gaps from 0.1 to 0.5 mm

Osmokrović, P.; Vujisić, Miloš; Stanković, Koviljka; Vasić, A.; Lončar, B.

doi:10.1088/0963-0252/16/3/025

Cited by 108 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…19,20 Anomalous Paschen effects on the electrical breakdown was also studied. 24 Recently, gas insulated switchgear 25 has been discussed without SF 6 gas. However, it may be useful to describe the electrical breakdown phenomena in a mixture gas of nitrogen-SF 6 in terms of the electron energy in the gas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical investigation of electrical breakdown properties in a nitrogen-SF6 mixture gas

et al. 2010

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The electrical breakdown properties in nitrogen gas mixed with SF6 are analytically investigated in this article by making use of the ionization and attachment coefficients of the mixed gas. The ionization coefficients of nitrogen and SF6 gas are obtained in terms of the electron temperature Te by assuming a Maxwellian distribution of the electron energy. The attachment coefficient of SF6 gas is also obtained in terms of the gas temperature Te. An algebraic equation is obtained, relating explicitly the electron breakdown temperature Tb in terms of the SF6 mole fraction χ. It was found from this equation that the breakdown temperature Tb increases from approximately 2 to 5.3 eV as the mole fraction χ increases from zero to unity. The breakdown temperature Tb of the electrons increases very rapidly from a small value and then approaches 5.3 eV slowly as the SF6 mole fraction increases from zero to unity. This indicates that even a small mole fraction of SF6 in the gas dominates the electron behavior in the breakdown system. The breakdown electric field Eb derived is almost linearly proportional to the breakdown electron temperature Tb. The experimental data agree remarkably well with the theoretical results. Therefore, it is concluded that even a small fraction of SF6 gas dominates nitrogen in determining the breakdown field. In this context, nearly 25% of the SF6 mole fraction provides a reasonable enhancement of the breakdown field for practical applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical investigation of electrical breakdown properties in a nitrogen-SF6 mixture gas

et al. 2010

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“…A flattening of the Paschen curves below the predicted upturn pressure was observed by Osmokrovic et al 13 for Rogowski-type electrodes ͑but not cylindrical electrodes͒ for gaps from 0.1 to 0.5 mm with 8-mm-diam electrodes. Rogowski electrodes are rounded and thus allow length scales ranging from the gap up to much longer distances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Field emission can lead to local heating at microasperities on the surface of the cathode, which in turn facilitates field evaporation of the cathode, leading to a cloud of atoms and ions in which an avalanche breakdown process can start. 13 In addition to the nature of the gas ͓reflected in the constants A and B of Eq. ͑1͔͒ and the nature of the electrode ͑in the form of parameter ␥͒, relevant parameters that must be taken into account are the mean free path of gas atom species, the surface roughness ͑which has a strong influence on the field emission͒, work function of the electrode, and the overall geometry of the electrodes, especially for planar geometries as found in MEMS and integrated circuits, which do not match the conditions of uniform electric field for which the Paschen curves were developed.…”

Section: Introduction 1paschen Curves In Microelectromechanical Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical breakdown at low pressure for planar microelectromechanical systems with <inline-formula><math display="inline" overflow="scroll"><mrow><mn>10</mn><mtext>-</mtext><mspace width="0.3em" /><mtext>to</mtext><mspace width="0.3em" /><mn>500</mn><mtext>-</mtext><mi>μ</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow></math></inline-formula> gaps

Carazzetti

Shea

2009

J. Micro/Nanolith. MEMS MOEMS

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Abstract. An experimental study of the dc breakdown voltage for planar MEMS interdigitated aluminum electrodes with gaps ranging from 10 to 500 m is presented. Unlike most research on the breakdown in MEMS electrodes that was performed at atmospheric pressure, this work focuses on the effect of gas pressure and gas type on breakdown voltage, because this is central for chip-scale plasma generation and for reliable operation in aerospace applications. The breakdown voltage is measured in helium, argon, and nitrogen atmospheres for pressures between 10 2 to 8.10 4 Pa ͑1 to 800 mbar͒. For higher values of the pressure P, or of the gap d ͑i.e., for high values of the Paschen reduced variable P red = P · d͒, classical Paschen scaling is observed. For lower values of P red , however, significant deviations are seen: the V bd versus. Pd curve shows an extended flat region rather than a narrow dip. These differences cannot be attributed to field emission, but are due to the many length scales effectively present in a planar geometry ͑on-chip and even off-chip͒ that leads to the superposition of several Paschen curves. Guidelines are formulated for low-pressure operation of MEMS to avoid or encourage breakdown.

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“…This phenomenon is related to conductor gaseous breakdown in electromagnetic fields. The carbon fiber gaseous breakdown voltage can be described by Townsend's breakdown 6 formula [15] and [16]:…”

Section: Elimination Of Carbon Fiber Arcingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative experiment for the analysis of microwave and thermal process induced strains of carbon fiber/bismaleimide composite materials

Hao

et al. 2015

Composites Science and Technology

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Carbon fiber reinforced bismaleimide composites provide many outstanding properties and are widely used in aerospace applications. However, cure-induced strains are present in virtually all composites that severely impact on the whole service lifecycle of composite components. This paper will demonstrate that the cure-induced strains can be drastically reduced in fiber/ bismaleimide composites using the microwave curing process. Nearly 95% reduction of cure-induced strains has been achieved compared with the conventional thermal heating process. The microwave manufacturing cycle for composites was only 36% of the thermal processing cycle.When using the microwave process, the spring-in angle of an L-shaped part was reduced by about 1.2 o compared by using thermal heating.

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Mechanism of electrical breakdown of gases for pressures from 10⁻⁹to 1 bar and inter-electrode gaps from 0.1 to 0.5 mm

Cited by 108 publications

References 38 publications

Analytical investigation of electrical breakdown properties in a nitrogen-SF6 mixture gas

Analytical investigation of electrical breakdown properties in a nitrogen-SF6 mixture gas

A comparative experiment for the analysis of microwave and thermal process induced strains of carbon fiber/bismaleimide composite materials

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Mechanism of electrical breakdown of gases for pressures from 10−9to 1 bar and inter-electrode gaps from 0.1 to 0.5 mm

Cited by 108 publications

References 38 publications

Analytical investigation of electrical breakdown properties in a nitrogen-SF6 mixture gas

Analytical investigation of electrical breakdown properties in a nitrogen-SF6 mixture gas

A comparative experiment for the analysis of microwave and thermal process induced strains of carbon fiber/bismaleimide composite materials

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Mechanism of electrical breakdown of gases for pressures from 10⁻⁹to 1 bar and inter-electrode gaps from 0.1 to 0.5 mm