2008
DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2007.06.007
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Mechanism of decongestant activity of α2-adrenoceptor agonists

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Cited by 47 publications
(38 citation statements)
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“…When these agents are topically applied, case reports have suggested that excessive use or prolonged exposure beyond package labeling can lead to systemic exposure resulting in stroke, hypertension, and bradycardia. [306][307][308][309] Inhaled and oral OTC asthma products may contain potent nonselective sympathomimetic amines such as racepinephrine and ephedrine, and they have been associated with chest pain, hypertension, tachycardia, and hemoptysis. [310][311][312][313] Many of the newer aluminum-and magnesium-containing antacids have minimal to no sodium; however, other products for cough/cold and gastrointestinal ailments may contain sodium.…”
Section: Sodium-containing Medicationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…When these agents are topically applied, case reports have suggested that excessive use or prolonged exposure beyond package labeling can lead to systemic exposure resulting in stroke, hypertension, and bradycardia. [306][307][308][309] Inhaled and oral OTC asthma products may contain potent nonselective sympathomimetic amines such as racepinephrine and ephedrine, and they have been associated with chest pain, hypertension, tachycardia, and hemoptysis. [310][311][312][313] Many of the newer aluminum-and magnesium-containing antacids have minimal to no sodium; however, other products for cough/cold and gastrointestinal ailments may contain sodium.…”
Section: Sodium-containing Medicationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Indeed, nasal decongestion is triggered by an active constriction of the venous sinusoids (Kristiansen et al, 1993), and a decrease in nasal cavity pressure after ␣-adrenoceptor agonist administration reflects shrinkage of nasal capacitance vessels (Berridge and Roach, 1986). Several other studies in different species (Lacroix, 1989;Corboz et al, 2003Corboz et al, , 2007Corboz et al, , 2008Wang and Lung, 2003), including human (Johannssen et al, 1997;Corboz et al, 2005), indicated a predominance of the ␣ 2 -adrenenoceptor mechanism in the regulation of capacitance vessels. In addition, ␣ 2 -adrenoceptor proteins are expressed in human nasal mucosa (Corboz et al, 2005) and levels of ␣ 2 -adrenoceptor protein are higher than ␣ 1 -adrenoceptor protein in nasal mucosa of nonallergic and allergic patients (van Megen et al, 1991).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…An ␣ 2 -adrenoceptor agonist, by preferentially constricting venous capacitance blood vessels over arterial resistance blood vessels in nasal mucosa (Corboz et al, 2005(Corboz et al, , 2008, should thus avoid the hypertensive liability of ␣ 1 -adrenoceptor agonists. It is known that ␣ 2 -adrenoceptor agonists produce decongestion in humans, and in the 1960s, the ␣ 2 -adrenoceptor agonist clonidine was initially developed for the treatment of nasal congestion (Stahle, 2000), as was Tinazoline (Nagarajan et al, 1981), and more recently, an ␣ 2 -adrenoceptor agonist demonstrated significant relief of nasal congestion in human subjects with allergic rhinitis (Berkowitz et al, 2005).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The initial development, however, is believed to be linked to the loss of a-receptors. 13 Patients with a long history of the problem develop inflammation within the mucosa and epithelial changes. 14 The potential for topical decongestants to cause rhinitis medicamentosa is listed as a side effect in the Physicians' Desk Reference and prompts limiting their usage to twice per day for 3 to 5 days.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%