Mechanism of action of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides.

Fukuto, T. R.

doi:10.1289/ehp.9087245

Cited by 780 publications

(315 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

299

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Carbamates have been reported to have high mammalian toxicity, and the main target organs are brain, liver, skeletal muscles, and heart (2,3). Their primary mechanism of toxicity is the reversible inhibition of serine group of acetylcholinesterase via carbamoylation at the nerve terminals (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cartap and carbofuran induced alterations in serum lipid profile of Wistar rats

Kumar

Gupta

et al. 2009

Indian J Clin Biochem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cartap and carbofuran induced alterations in serum lipid profile of Wistar rats

Kumar

Gupta

et al. 2009

Indian J Clin Biochem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is especially true for field samples in which time and temperature can result in a significant increase in AChE activity. This reactivation can be fast; for example, the half-life for recovery of N-methylcarbamylated AChE is approximately 30 min (Fukuto 1990). This recovery may partially mask a lethal pesticide toxicosis (Smith et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DEVELOPMENT OF REFERENCE RANGES FOR PLASMA TOTAL CHOLINESTERASE AND BRAIN ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY IN FREE-RANGING CARNABY'S BLACK-COCKATOOS (CALYPTORHYNCHUS LATIROSTRIS)

Vaughan-Higgins¹,

Vitali²,

Reiss³

et al. 2016

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Published avian reference ranges for plasma cholinesterase (ChE) and brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) are numerous. However, a consistently reported recommendation is the need for species-and laboratory-specific reference ranges because of variables, including assay methods, sample storage conditions, season, and bird sex, age, and physiologic status. We developed normal reference ranges for brain AChE and plasma total ChE (tChE) activity for Carnaby's Black-Cockatoos (Calyptorhynchus latirostris) using a standardized protocol (substrate acetylthiocholine at 25 C). We report reference ranges for brain AChE (19-41 lmol/min per g, mean 2166.38) and plasma tChE (0.41-0.53 lmol/min per mL, mean 0.4760.11) (n¼15). This information will be of use in the ongoing field investigation of a paresis-paralysis syndrome in the endangered Carnaby's Black-Cockatoos, suspected to be associated with exposure to anticholinesterase compounds and add to the paucity of reference ranges for plasma tChE and brain AChE in Australian psittacine birds.

show abstract

“…The lack of activity of the inhibited enzyme occurs because the serine of the catalytic triad, when phosphylated, can no longer hydrolyze ACh. 4,36,75,84,86,87 A scheme of AChE inhibition by OPCs is shown in Figure 6. Computational studies of AChE phosphonylation by the nerve agent sarin indicate that the reaction actually involves a two-step addition-elimination mechanism, rather than a concerted one; the addition would be the rate-determining step.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Action Of Opcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organophosphorus compounds as chemical warfare agents: a review

Delfino¹,

Ribeiro²,

Figueroa‐Villar³

2009

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

226

178

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Os agentes de guerra química constituem uma das maiores ameaças do mundo moderno. Dentre estes, destacam-se os agentes neurotóxicos, em virtude de sua alta letalidade e periculosidade. Eles são compostos organofosforados que atuam pela inibição da enzima acetilcolinesterase, a qual é fundamental no processo de transmissão de impulsos nervosos. Existem várias formas de tratamento para a intoxicação por organofosforados, mas nenhuma delas é eficaz contra todos os agentes conhecidos ou contra todos os seus efeitos. Esta revisão tem como foco o uso de compostos organofosforados como agentes neurotóxicos de guerra química. Após uma breve introdução histórica, será feita uma discussão sobre as principais características estruturais e biológicas da acetilcolinesterase, seguida por uma revisão das propriedades dos compostos organofosforados e da sua aplicação como agentes de guerra química. Por fim, serão discutidas as formas de tratamento contra estes agentes, com ênfase nas oximas usadas para reativar a acetilcolinesterase inibida.Chemical warfare agents constitute one of the greatest threats in the modern world. Among them, the neurotoxic agents are of special interest due to their high lethality and danger. Neurotoxic agents are organophosphorus compounds that act by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which is fundamental for the control of transmission of nervous impulses. There are several ways of treating intoxication by organophosphorus compounds, but none of them is efficient against all the known neurotoxic agents or against all of their effects. This review focus on the use of organophosphorus compounds as neurotoxic chemical warfare agents. After a brief historical introduction, it will be done a discussion about the structural and biological characteristics of acetylcholinesterase, followed by a review of the properties of organophosphorus compounds and their application as chemical warfare agents. Finally, the ways of treatment against intoxication with these agents will be discussed, with emphasis on the oximes used for reactivating the inhibited acetylcholinesterase.

show abstract

Mechanism of action of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides.

Cited by 780 publications

References 19 publications

Cartap and carbofuran induced alterations in serum lipid profile of Wistar rats

Cartap and carbofuran induced alterations in serum lipid profile of Wistar rats

DEVELOPMENT OF REFERENCE RANGES FOR PLASMA TOTAL CHOLINESTERASE AND BRAIN ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY IN FREE-RANGING CARNABY'S BLACK-COCKATOOS (CALYPTORHYNCHUS LATIROSTRIS)

Organophosphorus compounds as chemical warfare agents: a review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About