Abstract:On the basis of the continuum approximation along with Lennard–Jones potential function, new semi-analytical expressions are presented to evaluate the van der Waals interactions between an ellipsoidal fullerene and a semi-infinite single-walled carbon nanotube. Using direct method, these expressions are also extended to model ellipsoidal carbon onions inside multiwalled carbon nanotubes. In addition, acceptance and suction energies which are two noticeable issues for medical applications such as drug delivery … Show more
“…Note that when the interwall spacing is equal to its optimal one, the preferred position of nanoparticle always takes place along the axis of LNT and also the nanoparticle possesses the maximum velocity on penetrating into the LNT. 45,46 Figure 2.Suction energy of silver and gold nanoparticles versus interwall spacing corresponding to different radii of nanoparticles (Hh=8,Ht=15).…”
Section: Numerical Results and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Note that when the interwall spacing is equal to its optimal one, the preferred position of nanoparticle always takes place along the axis of LNT and also the nanoparticle possesses the maximum velocity on penetrating into the LNT. 45,46 The values of suction interwall spacing, optimal interwall spacing and maximum suction energy corresponding to different radii of both silver and gold nanoparticles are computed in Table 3. Numerical results generated for both nanoparticles indicate that enlarging the size of nanoparticle leads to a slight reduction in the values of suction interwall spacing and optimal interwall spacing, while it leads to a considerable increase in the value of maximum suction energy.…”
Section: Numerical Results and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thereafter, numerous studies were performed to investigate the suction and acceptance behaviours of other systems. [45][46][47] The suction energy is a criterion for the total increase in the kinetic energy experienced by the inner core and the acceptance energy determines whether the inner core will be sucked into the outer shell or not. Herein, the inner core and the outer shell are considered to be a dense spherical nanoparticle and a semi-infinite LNT, respectively.…”
Section: Suction and Acceptance Energiesmentioning
Lipid nanotubes with well-designed cylindrical structures, tunable dimensions and biocompatible membrane surfaces have found potential applications such as templates to create diverse one-dimensional nanostructures and nanocarriers for drug or gene delivery. In this regard, knowing the encapsulation process is of crucial importance for such developments. The aim of this paper is to study the suction and acceptance phenomena of metallic nanoparticles, and in particular silver and gold, inside lipid nanotubes using the continuum approximation and the 6–12 Lennard-Jones potential function. The nanoparticle is modelled as a perfect sphere and the lipid nanotube is assumed to comprise six layers, namely two head groups, two intermediate layers and two tail groups. Analytical expressions are derived through undertaking surface and volume integrals to evaluate van der Waals potential energy and interaction force of a nanoparticle entering a semi-infinite lipid nanotube. These expressions are then employed to determine the suction and acceptance energies of system. To ascertain the accuracy of the proposed analytical expressions, the multiple integrals of van der Waals interactions are evaluated numerically based on the differential quadrature method. A comprehensive study is conducted to get an insight into the effects of different geometrical parameters including radius of nanoparticles, innermost radius of lipid nanotube, head group and tail group thicknesses on the nature of suction and acceptance energies and van der Waals interactions. Numerical results show that maximum suction energy increases by enlarging the nanoparticle size, while it decreases by increasing the head group thickness or the tail group thickness. It is further found that gold nanoparticle experiences higher maximum suction energies inside lipid nanotubes compared to silver nanoparticle.
“…Note that when the interwall spacing is equal to its optimal one, the preferred position of nanoparticle always takes place along the axis of LNT and also the nanoparticle possesses the maximum velocity on penetrating into the LNT. 45,46 Figure 2.Suction energy of silver and gold nanoparticles versus interwall spacing corresponding to different radii of nanoparticles (Hh=8,Ht=15).…”
Section: Numerical Results and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Note that when the interwall spacing is equal to its optimal one, the preferred position of nanoparticle always takes place along the axis of LNT and also the nanoparticle possesses the maximum velocity on penetrating into the LNT. 45,46 The values of suction interwall spacing, optimal interwall spacing and maximum suction energy corresponding to different radii of both silver and gold nanoparticles are computed in Table 3. Numerical results generated for both nanoparticles indicate that enlarging the size of nanoparticle leads to a slight reduction in the values of suction interwall spacing and optimal interwall spacing, while it leads to a considerable increase in the value of maximum suction energy.…”
Section: Numerical Results and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thereafter, numerous studies were performed to investigate the suction and acceptance behaviours of other systems. [45][46][47] The suction energy is a criterion for the total increase in the kinetic energy experienced by the inner core and the acceptance energy determines whether the inner core will be sucked into the outer shell or not. Herein, the inner core and the outer shell are considered to be a dense spherical nanoparticle and a semi-infinite LNT, respectively.…”
Section: Suction and Acceptance Energiesmentioning
Lipid nanotubes with well-designed cylindrical structures, tunable dimensions and biocompatible membrane surfaces have found potential applications such as templates to create diverse one-dimensional nanostructures and nanocarriers for drug or gene delivery. In this regard, knowing the encapsulation process is of crucial importance for such developments. The aim of this paper is to study the suction and acceptance phenomena of metallic nanoparticles, and in particular silver and gold, inside lipid nanotubes using the continuum approximation and the 6–12 Lennard-Jones potential function. The nanoparticle is modelled as a perfect sphere and the lipid nanotube is assumed to comprise six layers, namely two head groups, two intermediate layers and two tail groups. Analytical expressions are derived through undertaking surface and volume integrals to evaluate van der Waals potential energy and interaction force of a nanoparticle entering a semi-infinite lipid nanotube. These expressions are then employed to determine the suction and acceptance energies of system. To ascertain the accuracy of the proposed analytical expressions, the multiple integrals of van der Waals interactions are evaluated numerically based on the differential quadrature method. A comprehensive study is conducted to get an insight into the effects of different geometrical parameters including radius of nanoparticles, innermost radius of lipid nanotube, head group and tail group thicknesses on the nature of suction and acceptance energies and van der Waals interactions. Numerical results show that maximum suction energy increases by enlarging the nanoparticle size, while it decreases by increasing the head group thickness or the tail group thickness. It is further found that gold nanoparticle experiences higher maximum suction energies inside lipid nanotubes compared to silver nanoparticle.
“…(6). [35][36][37][38] The schematic diagram of the aforementioned transformation is illustrated in Fig. 2.…”
Section: Interaction Of a Cnt With A Cnt Bundlementioning
confidence: 99%
“…They imposed some simplifying assumptions on the vdW interaction force, which enabled them to propose an analytical formula for evaluating the oscillation frequency. The mechanisms of other nanoscale oscillators, such as CNT-nested spherical fullerene, 29 CNTnanotori, 30 carbon nanotube bundles, 31-34 ellipsoidal fullerene-CNT, 35,36 and carbon nanocone (CNC)-CNT 37 have been also studied through the continuum approach. Ansari and Motevalli 38 also used this method to present new semianalytical expressions for vdW interactions between CNTs.…”
This article presents a comprehensive study on the mechanics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) oscillating in CNT bundles. Using the continuum approximation along with Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential function, new semi-analytical expressions in terms of double integrals are presented to evaluate van der Waals (vdW) potential energy and interaction force upon which the equation of motion is directly solved. The obtained potential expression enables one to arrive at a new semi-analytical formula for the exact evaluation of oscillation frequency. Also, an algebraic frequency formula is extracted on the basis of the simplifying assumption of constant vdW force. Based on the present expressions, a thorough study on various aspects of operating frequencies under different system parameters is given, which permits fresh insight into the problem. The strong dependence of oscillation frequency on system parameters, such as the extrusion distance and initial velocity of the core as initial conditions for the motion is indicated. Interestingly, a specific initial velocity is found at which the oscillation frequency is independent of the core length. In addition, a relation between this specific initial velocity and the escape velocity is disclosed.
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