Mechanics of Crater-Enabled Soft Dry Adhesives: A Review

Wang, Liu; Ha, K. H.; Rodin, Gregory J.; Liechti, Kenneth M.; Lu, Nanshu

doi:10.3389/fmech.2020.601510

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 123 publications

(194 reference statements)

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“…3a). Micro-crater (sucker cup)-based dry adhesives retain their adhesive strength even in humid conditions and underwater 134 , but they cannot match microfibres in terms of adhesion strength.…”

Section: Soft Grippersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft actuators for real-world applications

et al. 2021

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Soft materials and actuators enable applications that are not possible using traditional rigid robots and actuators. Owing to their flexibility and compliance, soft actuators can adapt to complex and dynamic environments, which makes them exceptionally advantageous for physical interaction with fragile objects or living organisms. However, despite great advances in the field of soft robotics, both replicating the performance of biological actuators and the implementation of soft robots in industrial applications remain a challenge owing to the high-level complexity of biological actuators. Biological muscle and animal limbs have long served as inspiration for the design of soft actuators featuring a range of complex actuations (such as reversible contraction, expansion and rotation) and motions (such as bending and twisting), as well as specific strain, force, energy and power performance metrics 1-3 (Box 1). However, biological muscles have evolved to operate robustly in dynamic environments with high performance (efficiency, speed and power) and complex actions (including sensing, tunable stiffness or repair mechanisms), all of which are challenging to replicate in synthetic systems.Individual performance metrics can be particularly useful for specific tasks and are thus usually designed for specific applications. However, combining the performance and physical intelligence of biological systems (such as self-healing and self-adaptive behaviours) would greatly advance the integration of soft actuator and robot technology in multiple fields (for example, health care 4 , agriculture 5,6 , industry 7,8 and mobility 9 ).In this Review, we discuss materials and soft actuation methods that can enable advanced physical intelligence 10 , function and performance in soft actuator technology. We first examine promising soft actuation methods, including tethered, untethered and biohybrid actuation, and then discuss actuation strategies based on programmable soft materials that improve the performance and multifunctionality of soft actuators. We highlight state-of-the-art demonstrations of soft actuators towards real-world applications, including soft grippers, artificial muscles, sensor-integrated soft robots, haptic displays and biomedical applications. Lastly, we discuss challenges and opportunities for next-generation soft actuators, including integrating physical intelligence, encoding adaptability, manufacturing scalability and reproducibility, and improving the durability of soft robots. Promising soft actuation methodsMaterial selection, structural design and fabrication techniques are key factors in designing soft actuators that can convert multiple energy inputs into mechanical energy outputs using tethered, untethered or biohybrid approaches. Tethered synthetic soft actuationTethered soft actuators are usually actuated through a change of fluidic pressure in hollow channels of the soft actuator body, by electrically driven shape change or through passive deformation produced by motion

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Section: Soft Grippersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft actuators for real-world applications

et al. 2021

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“…To sum up, the reasons why the gully-like structures can help aquatic organisms improve their attachment capacity are mainly reflected as follows [ 60 , 61 ]: (1) The gully-like structures help to achieve the peripheral extension of the biological soft suction cups and increase the contact with the surfaces of objects. (2) The softer structures, such as wrinkles, pits, and grooves, can help the suction cups to achieve space compensation when they contact irregular contacting surfaces, and the increasing friction between the contacting surfaces makes the sucker have higher attachment performance.…”

Section: Non-smooth Structural Morphologies and Attachment Mechanisms...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Bionic Attachment Equipment Inspired by the Attachment Performance of Aquatic Organisms: A Review

et al. 2023

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In nature, aquatic organisms have evolved various attachment systems, and their attachment ability has become a specific and mysterious survival skill for them. Therefore, it is significant to study and use their unique attachment surfaces and outstanding attachment characteristics for reference and develop new attachment equipment with excellent performance. Based on this, in this review, the unique non-smooth surface morphologies of their suction cups are classified and the key roles of these special surface morphologies in the attachment process are introduced in detail. The recent research on the attachment capacity of aquatic suction cups and other related attachment studies are described. Emphatically, the research progress of advanced bionic attachment equipment and technology in recent years, including attachment robots, flexible grasping manipulators, suction cup accessories, micro-suction cup patches, etc., is summarized. Finally, the existing problems and challenges in the field of biomimetic attachment are analyzed, and the focus and direction of biomimetic attachment research in the future are pointed out.

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“…Among the various species, gecko lizards, beetles, octopuses, and remoras have attracted substantial attention owing to their excellent adhesion properties, such as high adhesion to curved or rough target surfaces, functionality in wet environments, reusability, and biocompatibility (Figure 1A) (Autumn et al, 2000;Dirks and Federle, 2011;Baik et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2017). Extensive studies over the past two decades have revealed that their superior adhesion properties originate from their unique terminal structures (Wang L. et al, 2020). For example, gecko lizards and beetles can walk freely on walls or ceilings with strong adhesion based on numerous pillar structures with spatulated or mushroom-shaped tips on their toes (Autumn et al, 2000;Arzt et al, 2003;Jeong et al, 2009b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Bioinspired Reversible Dry and Wet Adhesives: A Review

et al. 2021

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Bioinspired adhesives that emulate the unique dry and wet adhesion mechanisms of living systems have been actively explored over the past two decades. Synthetic bioinspired adhesives that have recently been developed exhibit versatile smart adhesion capabilities, including controllable adhesion strength, active adhesion control, no residue remaining on the surface, and robust and reversible adhesion to diverse dry and wet surfaces. Owing to these advantages, bioinspired adhesives have been applied to various engineering domains. This review summarizes recent efforts that have been undertaken in the application of synthetic dry and wet adhesives, mainly focusing on grippers, robots, and wearable sensors. Moreover, future directions and challenges toward the next generation of bioinspired adhesives for advanced industrial applications are described.

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Mechanics of Crater-Enabled Soft Dry Adhesives: A Review

Cited by 8 publications

References 123 publications

Soft actuators for real-world applications

Soft actuators for real-world applications

Advanced Bionic Attachment Equipment Inspired by the Attachment Performance of Aquatic Organisms: A Review

Applications of Bioinspired Reversible Dry and Wet Adhesives: A Review

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