Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Biomembranes

Evans, Evan; Skalak, Richard; Weinbaum, Sheldon

doi:10.1115/1.3138234

Cited by 462 publications

(565 citation statements)

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“…For example, by intercalation of the amphiphilic molecules from the outer solution in the outer bilayer leaflet of the cell membrane (Sheetz and Singer, 1974;Svetina et al, 1982;Iglič and Hägerstrand, 1999), due to conformational changes of membrane proteins (Gimsa and Ried, 1995), or due to a lateral flow of membrane constituent molecules to the segment from the surrounding membrane (Israelachvili et al, 1976). The equilibrium A and shape of the segment at a given external condition are determined by the minimum of the total free energy of the system (Israelachvili et al, 1976;Wiese et al, 1992;Iglič et al, 1998) including the bending and relative stretching energy of the segment (Bukman et al, 1996), the shear energy (Evans and Skalak, 1980;Waugh, 1996;Iglič, 1997) and the energy due to inhomogeneous distributions of membrane components (Andelman et al, 1992;Lipowsky, 1993;Mohandas and Evans, 1994;Kralj-Iglič et al, 1996). However, it has been shown recently that the final shape of RBC microexovesicles is determined by the condition of the local extreme A (Iglič and Hägerstrand, 1999).…”

Section: Theoretical Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, due to simplicity in this work, the shear energy of the skeleton is calculated using an approximate expression (Evans and Skalak, 1980):…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3(a)] can be calculated according to the method of Evans and Skalak (1980) as described in detail elsewhere (Iglič, 1997):…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the same method (Evans and Skalak, 1980;Iglič, 1997), the shear energy of the spherical protrusion [ Fig. 3(b)] can be calculated as:…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While calculating the shear energies W c and W s , the flat membrane is considered as an initial reference state, where it is assumed that in the reference state the shear energy is zero (Evans and Skalak, 1980;Iglič, 1997).…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Membrane Skeleton Detachment in Spherical and Cylindrical Microexovesicles

Hägerstrand

1999

Bulletin of Mathematical Biology

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Section: Theoretical Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, due to simplicity in this work, the shear energy of the skeleton is calculated using an approximate expression (Evans and Skalak, 1980):…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3(a)] can be calculated according to the method of Evans and Skalak (1980) as described in detail elsewhere (Iglič, 1997):…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the same method (Evans and Skalak, 1980;Iglič, 1997), the shear energy of the spherical protrusion [ Fig. 3(b)] can be calculated as:…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Membrane Skeleton Detachment in Spherical and Cylindrical Microexovesicles

Hägerstrand

1999

Bulletin of Mathematical Biology

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Dissipative Particle Dynamics

Pivkin

Caswell

Karniadakisa

2010

Reviews in Computational Chemistry

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Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) is a mesoscopic simulation method, potentially very effective in simulating mesoscale hydrodynamics and soft matter. This thesis addresses open theoretical and algorithmic questions of DPD and demonstrates the new developments with applications to blood flow in health as well as in sickle cell anemia. The first part investigates the intrinsic relation of DPD to the microscopic Molecular Dynamics (MD) method through the Mori-Zwanzig theory. We provide a physical explanation for the dissipative and random forces by constructing a mesoscopic system directly from a microscopic one. The relationship between DPD and MD is quantified and the many-body effect on the hydrodynamics of the coarsegrained system is discussed. We then address algorithmic issues and develop a simple approach for imposing proper no-slip boundary conditions for wall-bounded fluid systems and outflow boundary conditions for open fluid systems. The second part deals with blood flow applications. First, we use DPD and multi-scale red blood cell models to investigate the transition of blood flow from Newtonian to non-Newtonian behavior as the arteriole size decreases. Then, we develop a multi-scale model for the sickle red blood cells (RBCs), accounting for diversity in shapes and polymerization of hemoglobin. Subsequently, we use this model to investigate abnormal rheology and hemodynamics of the sickle blood flow under different physiological conditions.Despite the increased flow resistance, no occlusion was observed in a straight tube under any conditions unless an adhesive dynamics model was explicitly incorporated into our simulations. This new adhesion model includes both sickle RBCs as well as leukocytes. The former interact with the vascular endothelium, with the deformable sickle cells (SS2) exhibiting larger adhesion. The adherent SS2 cells further trap rigid irreversible sickle cells (SS4) resulting in vaso-occlusion in vessels less than 15µm. Under inflammation, adherent leukocytes may also trap SS4 cells resulting in vaso-occlusion in even larger vessels.

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