Mechanically robust and thermally stable abrasive tools from phenolic resins reinforced with diazonium‐modified zeolites

Abstract

The contact area between the filler and the polymer is a critical region that influences to a great extent the filler–matrix adhesion and therefore the mechanical properties of the composite. Controlling the type of interactions at this interface has a significant effect on the properties of the composite materials. In this context, we prepared composites by covalent reaction of diazonium‐functionalized zeolite with phenol‐formaldehyde resin. Introducing the hydroxymethyl groups onto the surface of the filler via diazonium chemistry allows for covalent bonds between the resin and the modified filler. Such a modification resulted in higher flexural strength of the composites, better ability to dissipate mechanical energy during load and also better damping properties (which are strongly linked to the final product durability) compared with the composites bearing pristine zeolite filler. Moreover, application of modified filler accelerates the crosslinking of novolac resin used as a binder in abrasive tools. One key feature of the work was brought by thermogravimetric analysis–mass spectrometry results which indicate no release of toxic urotropine degradation products for composites containing modified fillers. This work demonstrates conclusively that diazonium‐functionalized zeolite filler particles improve remarkably the thermal and mechanical properties of novolac‐based composites. Such robust composites have high potential in the production of novel abrasive tools. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:3209–3219, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

Carbon black modified with 4‐hydroxymethylbenzenediazonium salt as filler for phenol‐formaldehyde resins and abrasive tools

“…Despite improving of the flexural strength of the composite through the use of a modified filler, it has properties worse than those presented in our previous publications, in which we used zeolites …”

“…In this case, a large difference was found in the range between 100 and 200 °C, but a small difference in the range between 200 and 300 °C. A reverse relationship was noticed for composites with zeolites . What is interesting, composite with modified CB have second tan δ peaks at higher temperature values than composite with CB, which suggest their higher crosslinking density .…”

Production of abrasive apricot kernel shell powder/boron nitride/polyester composites for cleaning of paint and corrosion on metal surfaces

“…When the amount of apricot kernel bark powder in the composite structure increases, the composite hardness increases. The interface/interphase in polymer composites is very important for some composite properties such as Tg, hardness and thermal stability Chemical structure of AKS particles shows cellulosic structure . There are free OH groups in the polysaccharide content of AKS structure.…”

Diazonium Modification of Inorganic and Organic Fillers for the Design of Robust Composites: A Review

“…The use of a large substituent affects the formation of a monolayer. [75,76] Covalent [77] Poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) Non-covalent [78] Poly(vinyl alcohol) Non-covalent [79] Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Non-covalent [80] Silica Phenol-formaldehyde resin Covalent [81,82] Ruthenium oxide / Titanium oxide Polyaniline Covalent [83] Titanium dioxide Polyaniline Covalent [84] Zeolite Phenol-formaldehyde resin Covalent [85,86] Methacrylic resin Covalent [87] 3 Diazonium Modified Fillers that Form Covalent Bonds with the Polymer…”