Mechanically Reinforced Skin‐Electronics with Networked Nanocomposite Elastomer

Han, Seungyong; Kim, Min Ku; Wang, Bo; Wie, Dae Seung; Wang, Shuodao; Lee, Chi Hwan

doi:10.1002/adma.201603878

Cited by 110 publications

(93 citation statements)

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“…Reproduced with permission. [23] b) SEM images of AgNW networks (left) and wavy structures generated in AgNW/PDMS composite by stretching and releasing the strain (right). The inset shows the cross-sectional image of the wavy structures.…”

Section: Wearable Temperature Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The temperature sensitivity was ≈0.7 Ω °C −1 over the range of RT to 50 °C. [23] Graphene [47,49,[75][76][77][78] and CNTs [79][80][81] have been widely adopted as the thermoresistive sensing elements for wearable temperature sensors. Graphene nanowalls, made of vertically aligned interlaced graphene nanosheets, were transferred onto a PDMS substrate to fabricate flexible temperature sensors (Figure 2a).…”

Section: Wearable Temperature Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The excellent compliance of nanomaterial-based electrodes enables good electrical interface between the electrodes and skin, without the need of a gel layer. Metallic NWs, such as AgNWs, [92] CuNWs, [23] and platinum NWs (PtNWs), [93] were used to develop dry electrodes owing to their high conductivity. Our group recently developed highly conductive and stretchable AgNW/PDMS dry electrodes for ECG and EMG sensing, where AgNWs were embedded just below the surface of the biocompatible, low-cost, and stretchable PDMS matrix.…”

Section: Wearable Electrophysiological Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[21,22] As shown in Figure 1a, CuNW mesh was patterned into serpentine shape and achieved a stretchability up to 80%. [23] Wavy structures can be introduced by strategies such as prestrain-release-buckling and stretchingrelease-buckling. [18] By embedding the silver NWs (AgNWs) just below the surface of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and then stretching and releasing the PDMS substrate, wavy structures were generated in the AgNW/PDMS composite ( Figure 1b) that improved the stretchability of the AgNW/PDMS conductors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[18,[33][34][35] To fabricate the wearable sensors, conventional lithographic processes can be extended to pattern nanomaterials. [23,[36][37][38] Solution based processing methods such as spray coating, [25,39,40] drop casting, [41][42][43][44][45] spin coating, [46,47] dip coating, [48] vacuum filtration, [49][50][51] and layer-by-layer assembly [52] were commonly used for fabrication of nanomaterial-based sensors. Direct spinning of CNTs onto a substrate or into yarns [53][54][55] and electrospinning of nanofibers or NWs were reported to produce fiber-like nanomaterials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanomaterial‐Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare

Yao

Swetha

Zhu

2017

Adv Healthcare Materials

450

296

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humidity level, and concentration of harmful gases, and airborne particulates can provide valuable information for the prediction, management, and treatment of chronic diseases. [4,5] In addition to the applications in wearable health monitoring, continuous tracking of daily and sports activities can offer an efficient way to assess the well-being and athletic performances. [6] In order to ensure a robust and conformal contact with the curvilinear, coarse, and dynamic surface of skin without impeding daily activities, the wearable sensor should have low modulus and high stretchability. The epidermis has a modulus of 140-600 kPa while the dermis has an even lower modulus of 2-80 kPa. [7] Skin itself can be stretched elastically up to 15% and with the help of wrinkles and creases, the overall stretchability can reach as high as 100% during daily motions. [8] In addition to good wearability, wearable sensors should be highly sensitive, lightweight, low-cost, and with low power consumption. To achieve these features, nanomaterials that are compliant, possessing larger surface area and exceptional material properties, and compatible with low-cost fabrication processes are widely employed as building blocks for developing wearable sensors.In this review, we start from a brief overview of nanomaterials, their related structural designs and fabrication processes (Section 2). Following that, recent advances of nanomaterialenabled wearable sensors including temperature, electrophysiological, strain, tactile, electrochemical, and other sensors will be summarized (Section 3). A survey on the integration of multiple sensors and other components into wearable systems will be given in Section 4. The application of nanomaterialenabled wearable sensors for healthcare including health monitoring, activity tracking, and electronic skin will be presented in Section 5. The challenges and opportunities will be discussed at the end. Nanomaterials, Structural Designs, and Fabrication ProcessesNanomaterials can be classified into two categories-top-down fabricated ones and bottom-up synthesized ones. [9] The focus of this review is on the wearable sensors based on bottom-up synthesized nanomaterials. Nanomaterials can be synthesized into various dimensions, from 0D such as metallic nanoparticles (NPs), to 1D such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and metallic nanowires (NWs), to 2D such as graphene and transition metal Highly sensitive wearable sensors that can be conformably attached to human skin or integrated with textiles to monitor the physiological parameters of human body or the surrounding environment have garnered tremendous interest. Owing to the large surface area and outstanding material properties, nanomaterials are promising building blocks for wearable sensors. Recent advances in the nanomaterial-enabled wearable sensors including temperature, electrophysiological, strain, tactile, electrochemical, and environmental sensors are presented in this review. Integration of multiple sensors for multimodal sensing and integration with...

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Section: Wearable Temperature Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%