Mechanically operated thermal switches for use at ultralow temperatures

Roach, Pat R.; Ketterson, J. B.; Abraham, B. M.; Roach, Paul D.; Monson, J.

doi:10.1063/1.1134168

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Mechanically actuated macroscopic thermal switches require an external force or pressure to control the motion of one (or several) solid parts. Intermittent contact can be achieved by different means, such as external stepper motors, [ 195 ] piezo‐stack actuators, [ 14,196,197 ] linear actuators, [ 15,198,199 ] solenoid actuators, [ 200 ] motorized z‐stages, [ 201 ] linear direct drive motors, [ 202 ] high‐power motors, [ 203 ] spindle‐drive motors, [ 204,205 ] pressure change, [ 52,206,207 ] or even manually. [ 208,209 ] Pressure change [ 206,207 ] and manual operation [ 208,209 ] have been used in cryogenics, and motors and actuators have been used at around room temperature.…”

Section: Mechanical Thermal Control Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intermittent contact can be achieved by different means, such as external stepper motors, [ 195 ] piezo‐stack actuators, [ 14,196,197 ] linear actuators, [ 15,198,199 ] solenoid actuators, [ 200 ] motorized z‐stages, [ 201 ] linear direct drive motors, [ 202 ] high‐power motors, [ 203 ] spindle‐drive motors, [ 204,205 ] pressure change, [ 52,206,207 ] or even manually. [ 208,209 ] Pressure change [ 206,207 ] and manual operation [ 208,209 ] have been used in cryogenics, and motors and actuators have been used at around room temperature. [ 15,201,210 ] Mechanically actuated thermal switches are currently used for thermoelectric energy harvesting, [ 195,203 ] mechanical power conversion, [ 14,15,210 ] caloric energy conversion, [ 201,211,212 ] solar energy harvesting, [ 213,214 ] and cryogenic cooling.…”

Section: Mechanical Thermal Control Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In cryogenics, where special care must be taken to prevent frictional and other internal heat generation, a pressurized bellows whose gas pressure is driven by a moving piston was found to be the best option. [ 207 ]…”

Section: Mechanical Thermal Control Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fluidic and Mechanical Thermal Control Devices

Klinar

Swoboda

Rojo

et al. 2020

Adv Elect Materials

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In recent years, intensive studies on thermal control devices have been conducted for the thermal management of electronics and computers as well as for applications in energy conversion, chemistry, sensors, buildings, and outer space. Conventional cooling or heating techniques realized using traditional thermal resistors and capacitors cannot meet the thermal requirements of advanced systems. Therefore, new thermal control devices are being investigated to satisfy these requirements. These devices include thermal diodes, thermal switches, thermal regulators, and thermal transistors, all of which manage heat in a manner analogous to how electronic devices and circuits control electricity. To design or apply these novel devices as well as thermal control principles, this paper presents a systematic and comprehensive review of the state‐of‐the‐art of fluidic and mechanical thermal control devices that have already been implemented in various applications for different size scales and temperature ranges. Operation principles, working parameters, and limitations are discussed and the most important features for a particular device are identified.

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Section: Mechanical Thermal Control Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Thermal Control Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fluidic and Mechanical Thermal Control Devices

Klinar

Swoboda

Rojo

et al. 2020

Adv Elect Materials

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“…Therefore, small displacements that regulate heat transfer play a crucial role in enhancing their effectiveness. Similarly, contactdriven mechanical-thermal switches find applications in cryogenics [74] and telescoping devices for furnaces [75], highlighting the diverse and wide-ranging implications of heat transfer manipulation.…”

Section: Concepts From Non-building Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topology Morphing Insulation: A Review of Technologies and Energy Performance in Dynamic Building Insulation

Stevens,

Crane,

Mulford

2023

Energies

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Topology morphing insulation enables the on-demand switching of thermal properties between insulative and conducting states through shape change. The adaptive nature of these systems allows them to regulate heat transfer by dynamically altering insulation materials or systems in response to changing conditions, including environmental factors, electrical grid dynamics, and occupant requirements. In this article, we highlight the potential of topology morphing insulation for advancing building envelope design, improving energy efficiency, and facilitating on-demand adjustments in effective thermal conductivity. We provide a comprehensive overview of topology morphing insulation, delving into its underlying principles, mechanisms, and potential applications. This review explores cutting-edge research and the potential application of insights from non-building concepts, such as nature, textiles, and origami. Additionally, it examines crucial aspects such as actuation mechanisms, effectiveness, lifecycle considerations, sustainability implications, and manufacturing feasibility. We discuss the potential benefits and challenges associated with implementing topology morphing insulation solutions. Thanks to its transformative capabilities, topology morphing insulation holds tremendous promise for advancing building envelope design, driving energy efficiency improvements, and facilitating responsive changes in effective thermal conductivity.

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“…The cell and heat switch are described in detail elsewhere. 5 The heat switch was actuated by a bellows which could be expanded (switch closed) using pressurized liquid 4 He. The demagnetization cell contained 23.2 g of cerium magnesium nitrate (CMN) together with a measured volume of 2.4 cm 3 of 3 He (including the sonic chamber).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sound Propagation in SuperfluidHe3near the Polycritical Point

et al. 1975

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We report studies of 20-MHz sound propagation in the A and B phases above the polycritical point, and in the B phase below the polycritical point. Some striking features are observed which were not seen heretofore.The propagation of ultrasound is a powerful probe of the low-temperature superfluid phases of 3 He. 1 Earlier studies of sound propagation along the melting curve 2 and at lower pressures 3 showed a large peak in the attenuation at the normal-superfluid transition accompanied by a sharp, but monotonic, decrease in the sound velocity 3 which appeared to extrapolate to the hydrodynamic first-sound value at still lower temperatures. Sound propagation at the B-A transition has not been studied before at pressures between the polycritical point (PCP) and the melting curve; the phase diagram was established by different experimental probes. 1 ' 4 In this Letter we report the observation of (1) a discontinuity in both the velocity, c, and attenuation, a, at the B-A transition for pressures well above the PCP; (2) a change in slope of the temperature dependence of the velocity just above and below the discontinuity at the B-A transition for pressures just above the PCP; and (3) a change in slope of the temperature dependence of the velocity (suggestive of a divergence with a sign reversal) just above and below the attenuation peak which occurs below the B -to-normal 711 liquid transition at pressures below the PCP.Our measurements were performed in an epoxy adiabatic-demagnetization cell. The cell was precooled through a specially designed mechanical heat switch by the epoxy mixing chamber of our 3 He-4 He dilution refrigerator. The cell and heat switch are described in detail elsewhere. 5 The heat switch was actuated by a bellows which could be expanded (switch closed) using pressurized liquid 4 He. The demagnetization cell contained 23.2 g of cerium magnesium nitrate (CMN) together with a measured volume of 2.4 cm 3 of 3 He (including the sonic chamber). The sonic components were contained in an epoxy plug which was screwed into the bottom of the demagnetization cell; the threads were sealed with Nonaq stopcock grease. The sound path was defined by an 0 o 6-cm-long fused quartz annulus with an outside diameter of 1.27 cm and an inside diameter of 0.95 cm; the diameter of the sound path was further reduced to 0.6 cm by an epoxy annulus of nearly the same length in order to reduce the volume of 3 He in the cell. The ends of the quartz spacer were castellated (to minimize spurious transmission through the spacer and to

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Mechanically operated thermal switches for use at ultralow temperatures

Cited by 17 publications

References 8 publications

Fluidic and Mechanical Thermal Control Devices

Fluidic and Mechanical Thermal Control Devices

Topology Morphing Insulation: A Review of Technologies and Energy Performance in Dynamic Building Insulation

Sound Propagation in SuperfluidHe3near the Polycritical Point

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