Mechanical transmission of African swine fever virus by
            <i>Stomoxys calcitrans</i>
            : Insights from a mechanistic model

Vergne, Timothée; Andraud, Mathieu; Bonnet, Sarah; Regge, Nick De; Desquesnes, Marc; Fite, Johanna; Etoré, Florence; Garigliany, Mutien-Marie; Jori, Ferrán; Lempereur, Laetitia; Potier, Marie‐Frédérique Le; Quillery, Elsa; Saegerman, Claude; Vial, Laurence; Bouhsira, Émilie

doi:10.1111/tbed.13824

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…However, since R 0 is the ratio of the number of infected and reported individuals to the number of reported cases, the effect of surveillance bias on the estimates would disappear [ 9 ]. It has been known that other species such as scavengers and insects can spread ASF [ 39 ]. In this study, the estimation method for R 0 did not disentangle the effect of the species on disease dynamics, thus the estimated R 0 would be the averaged values of the transmission through direct and indirect contacts by wild boars and other species, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic reproduction number of African swine fever in wild boars (Sus scrofa) and its spatiotemporal heterogeneity in South Korea

et al. 2021

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Background African swine fever (ASF) is a hemorrhagic fever occurring in wild boars ( Sus scrofa ) and domestic pigs. The epidemic situation of ASF in South Korean wild boars has increased the risk of ASF in domestic pig farms. Although basic reproduction number (R 0 ) can be applied for control policies, it is challenging to estimate the R 0 for ASF in wild boars due to surveillance bias, lack of wild boar population data, and the effect of ASF-positive wild boar carcass on disease dynamics. Objectives This study was undertaken to estimate the R 0 of ASF in wild boars in South Korea, and subsequently analyze the spatiotemporal heterogeneity. Methods We detected the local transmission clusters using the spatiotemporal clustering algorithm, which was modified to incorporate the effect of ASF-positive wild boar carcass. With the assumption of exponential growth, R 0 was estimated for each cluster. The temporal change of the estimates and its association with the habitat suitability of wild boar were analyzed. Results Totally, 22 local transmission clusters were detected, showing seasonal patterns occurring in winter and spring. Mean value of R 0 of each cluster was 1.54. The estimates showed a temporal increasing trend and positive association with habitat suitability of wild boar. Conclusions The disease dynamics among wild boars seems to have worsened over time. Thus, in areas with a high elevation and suitable for wild boars, practical methods need to be contrived to ratify the control policies for wild boars.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic reproduction number of African swine fever in wild boars (Sus scrofa) and its spatiotemporal heterogeneity in South Korea

et al. 2021

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“…This fly is widely distributed worldwide, causing serious health problems to animals, especially livestock, but occasionally humans [ 2 ]. Both sexes of S. calcitrans are hematophagous and recognized as a mechanical vector of several animal pathogens, including viruses (i.e., equine infectious anemia virus, African swine fever virus, African horse sickness virus, bovine leukemia virus, bovine herpes virus, bluetongue virus, and lumpy skin disease virus [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]), protozoa (i.e., Trypanosoma spp. and Besnoitia besnoiti [ 7 , 8 ]), bacteria (i.e., Bacillus anthracis [ 9 ] and Anaplasma marginale [ 2 ]), and helminths (i.e., Habronema microstoma [ 10 ]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wing Phenotypic Variation among Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) Populations in Thailand

Chaiphongpachara

Duvallet

Changbunjong

2022

Insects

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Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Muscidae) is a cosmopolitan hematophagous ectoparasite of veterinary and medical importance. It is an important mechanical vector of several animal pathogens and can cause significant economic losses. However, the morphological variation of this species remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the phenotypic variation in the wing size and shape of S. calcitrans populations in Thailand based on a landmark-based geometric morphometric approach. Specimens were collected from five populations in five geographical regions in Thailand. A total of 490 left wings of S. calcitrans (245 female and 245 male individuals) were used for geometric morphometric analysis. Wing size differences were detected between some populations of S. calcitrans, whereas wing shape differences were found among populations. Therefore, the phenotypic variation in S. calcitrans populations indicated that these populations are adaptive responses to local environmental pressures, suggesting the presence of phenotypic plasticity in this species.

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“…More recently, haematophagous flies have been also proposed as non-multiplying vectors for mechanical transmission of the ASF virus between porcine hosts Olesen, Lohse et al, 2018;Fila & Woźniakowski, 2020;Olesen et al, 2020;Saegerman et al, 2020;Vergne et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soft ticks ( Ornithodoros porcinus moubata and Ornithodoros marocanus ) are involved in transmission cycles in Africa and have been involved in an outbreak in the Iberian peninsula (Portugal and Spain) in the 1960’s (Sánchez‐Vizcaíno et al., 2015). More recently, haematophagous flies have been also proposed as non‐multiplying vectors for mechanical transmission of the ASF virus between porcine hosts (Olesen, Hansen et al, 2018; Olesen, Lohse et al, 2018; Fila & Woźniakowski, 2020; Olesen et al., 2020; Saegerman et al., 2020; Vergne et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi‐quantitative risk assessment by expert elicitation of potential introduction routes of African swine fever from wild reservoir to domestic pig industry and subsequent spread during the Belgian outbreak (2018–2019)

Mauroy

Depoorter

Saegerman

et al. 2021

Transbound. Emerg. Dis.

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Since the introduction in Georgia in 2007 of an African swine fever (ASF) genotype 2 virus strain, the virus has rapidly spread to both Western European and Asian countries. It now constitutes a major threat for the global swine industry. The ongoing European transmission cycle has been related to the 'wild boar habitat' with closed transmission events between wild boar populations and incidental spillovers to commercial and non-commercial (backyard) pig holdings. During the epidemic in Belgium, only wild boar were infected and although the introduction route has not yet been elucidated, the 'human factor' is highly suspected. While ASF was successfully contained in a small region in the Southern part of Belgium without affecting domestic pigs, the risk of spillover at the wild/domestic interface remains poorly assessed. In this study, we used a semi-quantitative method, involving national and international experts, to assess the risk associated with different transmission routes for ASF introduction from wild boar to domestic pig holdings and subsequent dissemination

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Mechanical transmission of African swine fever virus by Stomoxys calcitrans : Insights from a mechanistic model

Cited by 13 publications

References 41 publications

Basic reproduction number of African swine fever in wild boars (Sus scrofa) and its spatiotemporal heterogeneity in South Korea

Basic reproduction number of African swine fever in wild boars (Sus scrofa) and its spatiotemporal heterogeneity in South Korea

Wing Phenotypic Variation among Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) Populations in Thailand

Semi‐quantitative risk assessment by expert elicitation of potential introduction routes of African swine fever from wild reservoir to domestic pig industry and subsequent spread during the Belgian outbreak (2018–2019)

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