Basic reproduction number of African swine fever in wild boars (<i>Sus scrofa</i>) and its spatiotemporal heterogeneity in South Korea

Lim, Jun‐Sik; Kim, Eu-Tteum; Ryu, Pan Dong; Pak, Son‐Il

doi:10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e71

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…To the best of our knowledge, there are significant studies on the disease growth rate and basic reproduction number in suidae [57,[62][63][64][65][66][67] but spatial growths have not considered. In the present study, we applied an approach to analyze the spatial proliferation of ASFV in South Korea based on logistic growth parameters.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial proliferation of African swine fever virus in South Korea

et al. 2022

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The African swine fever virus (ASFV) was first detected in South Korea on a pig farm in September 2019. Despite active preventive measures to control the spread of ASFV, outbreaks on pig farms and in wild boar have been increasing. In this study, we investigated the spatial contamination area using the minimum convex polygon (MCP) approach, and growth rate using a logistic diffusion model. On the basis of the ASFV outbreak locations recorded from September 17th, 2019, to May 20th, 2022, the MCP area for the second week was 618.41 km2 and expanded to 37959.67 km2 in the final week. The maximum asymptote of the logistic function was considered as the land area of South Korea, and we estimated logistic growth rates of 0.022 km2 per week and 0.094 km2 per month. Administrative bodies should implement preventive and quarantine measures for infectious diseases. The results of this study will be a reference for epidemiologists, ecologists, and policy makers and contribute to the establishment of appropriate quarantine measures for disease control and management.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial proliferation of African swine fever virus in South Korea

et al. 2022

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“…As wildlife, wild boar and ASFv-positive wild boar carcasses are increasing concerns of the risk of spillover of ASFv between wild boar to domestic pigs [ 4 24 25 ]. The detection and identification of wild boars using the 3D depth camera and AI model seems also to be very useful technology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Object detection and tracking using a high-performance artificial intelligence-based 3D depth camera: towards early detection of African swine fever

Ryu

Tai

2022

J Vet Sci

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Background Inspection of livestock farms using surveillance cameras is emerging as a means of early detection of transboundary animal disease such as African swine fever (ASF). Object tracking, a developing technology derived from object detection aims to the consistent identification of individual objects in farms. Objectives This study was conducted as a preliminary investigation for practical application to livestock farms. With the use of a high-performance artificial intelligence (AI)-based 3D depth camera, the aim is to establish a pathway for utilizing AI models to perform advanced object tracking. Methods Multiple crossovers by two humans will be simulated to investigate the potential of object tracking. Inspection of consistent identification will be the evidence of object tracking after crossing over. Two AI models, a fast model and an accurate model, were tested and compared with regard to their object tracking performance in 3D. Finally, the recording of pig pen was also processed with aforementioned AI model to test the possibility of 3D object detection. Results Both AI successfully processed and provided a 3D bounding box, identification number, and distance away from camera for each individual human. The accurate detection model had better evidence than the fast detection model on 3D object tracking and showed the potential application onto pigs as a livestock. Conclusions Preparing a custom dataset to train AI models in an appropriate farm is required for proper 3D object detection to operate object tracking for pigs at an ideal level. This will allow the farm to smoothly transit traditional methods to ASF-preventing precision livestock farming.

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“…Although the expansion of ASF toward the southwest appears to be contained [31], concerns have been raised regarding a spread toward southeast regions along geographical fasttracks. Te forested Taebaek mountains, which run from north to south and are a highly favourable habitat for wild boar, are located in the eastern region of the Korean peninsula, providing a reservoir zone as a source of ASFV [25,32,36]. In addition, due to mountain elevations above 1,000 m on average, carcass detection and depopulation are challenging, which favours persistence in the environment.…”

Section: Risk Factors and Spatiotemporal Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, due to mountain elevations above 1,000 m on average, carcass detection and depopulation are challenging, which favours persistence in the environment. ASFV is thus highly likely to spread south more rapidly through these mountain ranges [32,36]. Te predictive study of ASF in wild boar in Gangwon province, where most of the Taebaek mountain ranges are located, showed that a high risk of ASF-positive carcasses is distributed along the mountain ranges in the western and southwestern parts of the province, whereas the risk of ASF-positive hunted wild boar is distributed in western regions of the Taebaek mountain range in the central part of the province [25].…”

Section: Risk Factors and Spatiotemporal Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, spatiotemporal high-risk clusters of the ASF-positive carcass, which were considered to be less impacted by the imperfect detection sensitivity, were also primarily found in the winter and spring. Active and interactive behaviours of wild boar during the mating season (November∼January) were hypothesized to be associated with this seasonality [36].…”

Section: Risk Factors and Spatiotemporal Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three Years of African Swine Fever in South Korea (2019–2021): A Scoping Review of Epidemiological Understanding

Lim

Andraud²,

Kim

et al. 2023

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious viral disease in domestic pigs and wild boar that causes tremendous socioeconomic damage in related industries. In 2019, the virus emerged in South Korea, which has since reported 21 outbreaks in domestic pig farms and over 2,600 cases in wild boar. In this review, we synthesize the epidemiological knowledge generated on ASF in South Korea during the first three years of the epidemic (2019–2021). We searched four international and one domestic Korean database to identify scientific articles published since 2019 and describing ASF epidemiology in South Korea. Fourteen articles met our selection criteria and were used to synthesize the origin of ASF in South Korea, the risk factors of disease occurrence, the effectiveness of the surveillance and intervention measures that were implemented, and the viral transmission dynamics. We found that timely intensive surveillance and interventions on domestic pig farms successfully blocked between-farm transmission. However, in wild boar, the ASF virus has spread massively towards the south primarily along the mountain ranges despite ongoing fence erection and intensive depopulation efforts, endangering domestic pig farms across the country. The current devastating epidemic is suspected to be the consequence of an ASF control strategy unaligned to the epidemiological context, the challenging implementation of control measures hindered by topological complexities, and inappropriate biosecurity by field workers. To improve our understanding of ASF epidemiology in South Korea and enhance disease management, future research studies should specify the ecological drivers of disease distribution and spread and devise effective control strategies, particularly in relation to Korean topography, and the latent spread of the virus in wild boar populations. Additionally, research studies should explore the psychosocial factors for ASF management, and develop tools to support evidence-based decision-making for managing ASFV in wild boar.

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Basic reproduction number of African swine fever in wild boars (Sus scrofa) and its spatiotemporal heterogeneity in South Korea

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

Spatial proliferation of African swine fever virus in South Korea

Spatial proliferation of African swine fever virus in South Korea

Object detection and tracking using a high-performance artificial intelligence-based 3D depth camera: towards early detection of African swine fever

Three Years of African Swine Fever in South Korea (2019–2021): A Scoping Review of Epidemiological Understanding

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