Mechanical Strength of Durable Press Finished Cotton Fabric

Yang, Charles Q.; Wei, Weishu; Lickfield, Gary C.

doi:10.1177/004051750007001010

Cited by 50 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The strength retention of the treated fabric decreased from 96% to 71% as the TMM concentration increased from 1% to 10% (Figure 2). In our previous research, it was found that the crosslinking of cotton cellulose molecules reduced the strength of the crosslinked cotton fabric [15,16]. Therefore, the decrease in the fabric tensile strength retention shown in Figure 2 is consistent with the increase in WRA shown in Figure 1, confirming the crosslinking of cotton by TMM.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

The combination of a hydroxy-functional organophosphorus oligomer and melamine-formaldehyde as a flame retarding finishing system for cotton

Yang

Xiao-min

2005

Fire Mater.

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SUMMARYIn previous research, it was found that melamine-formaldehyde resin can be used as a binder for a hydroxy-functional organophosphorus flame retarding agent (FR) on cotton. The role that trimethylol melamine (TMM) plays in this flame retarding system was studied. When TMM is applied to cotton, it forms crosslinks between cellulose molecules. When TMM is applied to cotton in the presence of FR, it reacts with FR to form a crosslinked polymeric network in addition to reacting with cotton. The formation of the crosslinked network improves the laundering durability of FR and also increases the fabric stiffness. The number of crosslinks among cotton cellulose formed by TMM decreases as the FR concentration in the system is increased. TMM also functions as a nitrogen provider to enhance the flame retarding performance of FR due to phosphorus-nitrogen synergism. Therefore, the amount of TMM used in a FR/ TMM formula plays the most critical role in determining the effectiveness of this flame retarding system. The finish bath pH also plays a significant role in influencing the performance of the flame retarding system on cotton. The optimum pH was found to be around 4.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

The combination of a hydroxy-functional organophosphorus oligomer and melamine-formaldehyde as a flame retarding finishing system for cotton

Yang

Xiao-min

2005

Fire Mater.

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“…However, it is also known that such cross-linking reactions may lead to the deterioration of fabric properties, especially tensile strength and abrasion resistance. This is thought partly to be due to the embrittlement caused by insertion of strained cross-links between cellulose molecules (Ibbett et al 2009), but also due to hydrolytic depolymerisation catalysed by the Lewis acid (Yan et al 2000). The adjustment of chemical formulations and reaction conditions has been the subject of many studies, aimed at minimizing these undesirable side effects whilst achieving maximum enhancement in fabric performance Frick 1968, 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled thermo-catalytic modification of regenerated cellulosic fibres using magnesium chloride Lewis acid

et al. 2009

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The Lewis-acid catalytic reactions of magnesium chloride with regenerated cellulosic fibres under baking conditions can be interpreted using existing semi-crystalline morphological models. Reaction at 180°C is associated with chain scission, which takes place randomly within the accessible regions of the fibre structure. This causes a rapid reduction in the cellulose degree of polymerization, which stabilizes at a limiting value, analogous to that observed with wet-state mineral acid catalysed hydrolysis. A slower scission-reaction is also observed, believed to be due to the liberation of single glucan units from crystallite ends, again analogous to wetstate mineral acid hydrolysis. Dry-state catalysis is promoted by thermal molecular motion, allowing migration of catalyst ions and also conformational flexing of the cellulose polymer, which also induces a small amount of recrystallisation at crystallite lateral surfaces. Differences in the dry-state reaction have been observed for lyocell, viscose and modal regenerated fibres, which can be related to differences in crystallinity and resulting accessibility of the magnesium chloride catalyst. For lyocell the accessibility towards magnesium chloride is lower than found with mineral acids, which may be significant in the development of treatments to promote mechanical fibrillation, without sacrificing fibre tensile properties.

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“…CL, a crosslinking agent in the flameretardant system, is composed of melamine and formaldehyde that may reduce the strength of the crosslinked cotton fabric. [26][27][28] Therefore, in comparison with the control sample, F1 specimens have lower breaking load resulted from the side effects of crosslinking agent used. Also, the reduction of breaking loads is attributed to the strong acidity of FR, which severely tenders the fabric strength.…”

Section: Flammabilitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Flame‐retardant finishing in cotton fabrics using zinc oxide co‐catalyst

Lam

Kan

Yuen

2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this article, N-Methylol dimethylphosphonopropionamide (FR) in combination with a melamine resin (CL), phosphoric acid (PA) catalyst and zinc oxide (ZnO) or nano-ZnO co-catalyst were used (FR-CL-PA-ZnO or nano-ZnO system) to impart flame-retardant property on cotton fabrics. FR-CL or FR-CL-PA-treated cotton specimen showed roughened and wrinkled fabric surface morphology, which was caused by the attack of the FR with slightly acidity. In addition, FTIR analysis showed some new characteristic peaks, carbonyl, CH 2 rocking and CH 3 asymmetric and CH 2 symmetric stretching bands, in the chemical structure of treated cotton specimens. Apart from these, the flame ignited on the flame-retardant-treated fabrics (without subjected to any post-wet treatment) extinguished right after the removal of ignition source. However, FR-CL treated specimens were no longer flame-resistant when the specimens subjected to neutralization and/or home laundering, while FR-CL-PA treated specimens showed opposite results. By using 0.2% and 0.4% of ZnO or nano-ZnO as co-catalyst, the flame spread rate of neutralized and/or laundered test specimens decreased, even the specimens were undergone 10 home laundering cycles. Moreover, flame-retardant-treated cotton specimens had low breaking load and tearing strength resulting from side effects of the crosslinking agent used, while addition of ZnO or nano-ZnO co-catalyst could compensates for the reduction. Furthermore, the free formaldehyde content was dropped when ZnO and nano-ZnO co-catalyst was added in the treatment.

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Mechanical Strength of Durable Press Finished Cotton Fabric

Cited by 50 publications

References 13 publications

The combination of a hydroxy-functional organophosphorus oligomer and melamine-formaldehyde as a flame retarding finishing system for cotton

The combination of a hydroxy-functional organophosphorus oligomer and melamine-formaldehyde as a flame retarding finishing system for cotton

Controlled thermo-catalytic modification of regenerated cellulosic fibres using magnesium chloride Lewis acid

Flame‐retardant finishing in cotton fabrics using zinc oxide co‐catalyst

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