Mechanical Recycling of Electronic Wastes for Materials Recovery

Laurmaa, Viktor; Kers, Jaan; Tall, Kaspar; Mikli, Valdek; Goljandin, Dmitri; Vilsaar, Kristiina; Peetsalu, Priidu; Saarna, Mart; Tarbe, Riho; Zhang, Lifeng

doi:10.1002/9781118086391.ch1

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…However, using precious and critical metals is imperative for enhanced performance and might be necessary for specific applications. Silver electrodes may be recovered through several hydrometallurgical routes, thanks to the high demand for silver, making its recovery potentially economically viable . Prior to commercialization and establishment of logistical networks, many uncertainties exist in ECD disposal practices.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Silver electrodes may be recovered through several hydrometallurgical routes, 56 thanks to the high demand for silver, making its recovery potentially economically viable. 57 Prior to commercialization and establishment of logistical networks, many uncertainties exist in ECD disposal practices. Printed electronics, especially ECDs, cannot be reused as they have a fixed and short lifetime, which leaves landfilling, incineration, or recycling as viable options.…”

Section: Acs Sustainable Chemistry and Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Steering Innovation toward Sustainable Electrochromic Displays: A Prospective Life Cycle Assessment Study

Kamali,

Lee,

Futsch

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Printed electrochromic displays (ECDs) have promising applications in visual communications. A cradle-to-gate exante prospective life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted on six ECD architectures to uncover the environmental implications of material and technological choices. Several materials were considered in ECD fabrication, including silver, carbon, and indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, plastic-and paper-based substrates, and two electrolytes. The architectures differed in technology maturity levels, ranging from pilot-scale and lab-scale prototypes to conceptual designs. Regardless of their technological maturity, all architectures were scaled up to emulate impact burdens as if they were produced on an optimized industrial production scale. The analysis of ECD architectures at the early development stage, especially conceptual designs, determines their environmental viability without the need for experimental testing, resulting in significant savings of time and resources. The all-silver architecture was associated with the highest environmental impacts across all endpoint and midpoint indicators, except for the water consumption indicator. On the other hand, the all-carbon architecture exhibited the lowest environmental impacts, followed by the carbon-ITO architecture and all-ITO architecture. Based on the environmental impact results, we could identify ECD architectures that merit further development and those that have limited potential for improvement, thus recommending to cease research and development of ECD architectures employing silver electrodes. The approach employed in this LCA guides scaling-up and predicting the environmental impacts of conceptual ECD architectures. This may benefit LCA practitioners and researchers engaged in ex-ante prospective LCA studies. Furthermore, the findings of this LCA might be applicable to other electronic devices, where silver, ITO, and carbon could be interchangeably used as electrodes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acs Sustainable Chemistry and Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steering Innovation toward Sustainable Electrochromic Displays: A Prospective Life Cycle Assessment Study

Kamali,

Lee,

Futsch

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…B) Dimensional labelling of the hydroxylamine mixer with a height of 0.5 mm. C) Dimensional labeling of the diluter [1] with a height of 0.75 mm. The units for dimensions are in millimeters.…”

Section: Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exponential growth of electronic waste (e-waste) in the past few decades, driven by rapid technological advancements and planned obsolescence, has become a pressing global concern. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) [1], e-waste generation has increased by 3-5% annually. This escalating issue necessitates the development of effective e-waste recycling methods, not only to address environmental concerns but also due to the presence in this e-waste of valuable metals like copper, silver, cobalt, lithium, gold, nickel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microflow Injection System for Efficient Cu(II) Detection Across a Broad Range

Ricart,

Dorado,

Lao-Luque

et al. 2024

Preprint

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In this study, a modular multi-step photometric microflow injection analysis (micro-FIA) system for the automatic determination of Cu(II) in a bioreactor has been developed. The system incorporates diverse 3D-printed modules, including a platform formed by a mixer module to mix Cu(II) with hydroxylamine which reduces Cu(II) to Cu(I) linked to a diluter module via a Tesla valve, a chelation mixer module, a disperser module, and a detector module provided by a LED light source at λ= 455 nm and a light dependence resistor (LDR) as a light intensity detector. The system measures the color intensity resulting from the chelation between Cu(I) and neocuproine. The micro-FIA system has demonstrated good capability for automatic and continuous Cu(II) determination, in a wide range of Cu concentrations from 34 to 2000 mg L-1. The device exhibits a good repeatability (coefficient of variation below 2% across the concentration range), good reproducibility, and has an accuracy of around 100% between 600 to 1900 mg·L-1. Real samples were analyzed using both the micro-FIA system and an atomic absorption spectroscopy method, revealing no statistically significant differences. Additionally, a Tesla valve located before the detector substituted a 3-way solenoid valve, eliminating the need for moving parts.

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“…Diversos autores [10,47,48,49] utilizaram o processo mecânico para estudos de reciclagem de resíduos de equipamentos eletro-eletrônicos.…”

Section: Processo Mecânicounclassified

Recuperação de níquel a partir do licor de lixiviação de placas de circuito impresso de telefones celulares.

Santanilla¹,

Johanny²

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AGRADECIMETOSPrimeiramente agradeço a Deus, porque graças a sua infinita bondade para conosco, seu imenso amor que permitiu que eu tivesse se forças para começar e terminar da melhor forma este processo na minha vida. À prof. Dra . Denise Espinosa por me orientar, pela confiança e amizade que me brindou desde a minha chegada no Brasil.Ao prof. Jorge Tenório pela oportunidade e por me aceitar como integrante do seu grupo de trabalho.A meu esposo Alexander e meu filho Byron porque me dão a força que eu preciso para avançar na vida, pelo apoio, compreensão, dedicação e amor.A minha mãe, meus irmãos e sobrinhos aos que amo muito.A dona Marina por me incentivar e me apoiar sempre, pois ela tem sido uma segunda mãe para mim.Aos meus colegas do laboratório: Victor por me suportar, ensinar e corrigir, Dani pela ajuda com as análises, Eduardo, Denis, girley, Luciana, Flávia, Hugo, Viviane, Priscila e Tatiana pela excelente convivência no laboratório, a Bia pela amizade e a Kellie que tem sido uma excelente amiga, pela ajuda desinteressada e sincera.À professora Andrea Moura Bernardes por me permitir o uso do laboratório para poder concluir meu trabalho.Ao CNPq pelo financiamento para a realização deste trabalho.E finalmente a todas as pessoas que direta ou indiretamente me ajudaram na realização deste trabalho."Ninguém é tão sábio que nada tenha para aprender, nem tão tolo que nada tenha pra ensinar. " (Blaise Pascal) ResumoOs resíduos de equipamentos elétricos e eletrônicos é um dos fluxos de resíduos que mais cresce no mundo. O aumento na produção destes equipamentos como resultado dos avanços tecnológicos e a sua rápida obsolescência promovem o aumento de geração deste tipo de resíduos. . Além disso, também foi determinado o número de contatos necessários para a extração de ferro, zinco e alumínio, obtendo assim, uma solução aquosa contendo unicamente níquel. Finalmente, foram realizados os ensaios de eletrodeposição para a obtenção de níquel metálico. Foi avaliado o efeito da temperatura sobre o filme depositado. A morfologia dos depósitos e a espessura da camada foram analisadas através do MEV, verificando que o aumento da temperatura influencia nas características do depósito obtido.Palavras chaves: Placas de circuito impresso, hidrometalurgia, níquel. AbstractElectric and electronic waste (e-waste) is one of the fastest growing waste streams in the world. Continuous increasing production owing to the technological advances and the products consumption rise, all together with the rapid obsolescence of this scrap promotes the necessity of exchange and the increasing of generate waste. Therefore, the aim of this work is to study a recovering of nickel from leach liquor of cell phone's printed circuit boards, through of hydrometallurgical and electrometallurgical process application. . Segundo estimativas do programa ambiental da Organização dasNações Unidas (ONU), a geração anual dos resíduos de equipamentos eletro-eletrônicos (REEE) no mundo é de aproximadamente 20 a 50 milhões de toneladas e seu crescimento é tr...

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Mechanical Recycling of Electronic Wastes for Materials Recovery

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Steering Innovation toward Sustainable Electrochromic Displays: A Prospective Life Cycle Assessment Study

Steering Innovation toward Sustainable Electrochromic Displays: A Prospective Life Cycle Assessment Study

Microflow Injection System for Efficient Cu(II) Detection Across a Broad Range

Recuperação de níquel a partir do licor de lixiviação de placas de circuito impresso de telefones celulares.

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