Mechanical Property Optimization of FDM PLA in Shear with Multiple Objectives

Torres, Jonathan; Cotelo, José; Karl, Justin; Gordon, Ali P.

doi:10.1007/s11837-015-1367-y

Cited by 278 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Although the above mentioned studies have identified some optimum values for the various printing parameters, and even if there are several studies that contribute to the knowledge of their mechanical properties (Torres 2015;Lužanin 2014;Montero 2001;Ahn 2002;Lee 2007;Bellini & Güçeri, 2003;Durgun & Ertan, 2014), there are still uncertainties regarding certain other parameters, which can be obstacles for users. One such parameter is the infill percentage.…”

Section: Methodsologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the influence of infill percentage on the mechanical properties of fused deposition modelled ABS parts

2016

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ABSTRACT3D printing is a manufacturing process that is usually used for modeling and prototyping. One of the most popular printing techniques is fused deposition modeling (FDM), which is based on adding melted material layer by layer. Although FDM has several advantages with respect to other manufacturing materials, there are several problems that have to be faced. When setting the printing options, several parameters have to be taken into account, such as temperature, speed, infill percentage, etc. Selecting these parameters is often a great challenge for the user, and is generally solved by experience without considering the influence of variations in the parameters on the mechanical properties of the printed parts.This article analyzes the influence of the infill percentage on the mechanical properties of ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) printed parts. In order to characterize this influence, test specimens for tensile strength and Charpy tests were printed with a Makerbot Replicator 2X printer, in which the infill percentage was varied but the rest of the printing parameters were kept constant. Three different results were analyzed for these tests: tensile strength, impact resistance, and effective printing time. Results showed that the maximum tensile force (1438 N) and tensile stress (34,57 MPa) were obtained by using 100 % infill. The maximum impact resistance, 1,55 J, was also obtained with 100 % infill. In terms of effective printing time, results showed that printing with an infill range between 50 % and 98 % is not recommended, since the effective printing time is higher than with a 100 % infill and the tensile strength and impact resistance are smaller. In addition, in comparing the results of our analysis with results from other authors, it can be concluded that the printer type and plastic roll significantly influence the mechanical properties of ABS parts.Keywords: 3D printing, mechanical properties, FDM process, ABS, makerbot replicator 2X. RESUMENLa impresión 3D es un proceso de manufactura que se basa en la fabricación de prototipos, partes y piezas funcionales. Existen diferentes métodos, en los cuales se utilizan distintos materiales en diversos formatos. Uno de los métodos más utilizados es el modelado por deposición fundida (FDM). A pesar de las ventajas que posee con respecto a otros procesos de fabricación, la impresión 3D no está libre de dificultades o problemas. Al momento de configurar una impresión, se deben ingresar parámetros para cada una de las variables presentes en el proceso, como por ejemplo: temperatura, velocidad, porcentaje de relleno, etc. La elección de dichos parámetros muchas veces resulta ser un problema para el operador, y generalmente se realiza en función de su experiencia, sin considerar la influencia que estos parámetros tendrán en las propiedades mecánicas del elemento terminado. Este trabajo analiza la influencia del porcentaje de relleno en la resistencia mecánica de piezas fabricadas en ABS (Acrilonitrilo Butadieno Estireno). Para ello, se imprimieron pr...

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Section: Methodsologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the influence of infill percentage on the mechanical properties of fused deposition modelled ABS parts

2016

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“…Customized biodegradable implants can be manufactured from PLA by rapid manufacturing (RM) techniques, including FDM or 3D printing . Nevertheless, when designing a shape to be manufactured by FDM technique that will satisfy certain (bio)mechanical parameters, for example, strength, one should optimize processing parameters for the particular PLA material, such as strand diameter or layer height, infill density, printing temperature, cooling rate, build platform temperature, etc …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Mechanical Properties of FDM‐PLA Parts via Thermal Annealing

Wach

Wolszczak

Adamus-Włodarczyk

2018

Macro Materials & Eng

162

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The objective of this study is to investigate the possibility of enhancing mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) samples processed by a rapid manufacturing (RM) technique by increasing PLA crystallinity degree via thermal annealing. The samples are manufactured by fused deposition modeling (FDM) at different temperatures and subsequently evaluated by three‐point bending flexural and tensile tests. The polymer processed at 215 °C is thermally annealed over its glass transition temperature in order to increase the degree of crystallinity to the maximum attainable level as measured by the differential scanning calorimetry and confirmed by X‐ray diffraction. The increase in the degree of crystallinity of FDM‐PLA enhances flexural stress of the samples by 11–17%. The study also demonstrates applicability of radiation sterilization for FDM‐PLA parts. Therefore, thermal annealing might be introduced into a standard RM technology of PLA, particularly for sterilizable customized implants, to efficiently improve their mechanical properties.

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“…The ultimate shear strength shown by Torres et al was heavily dependent on infill as compared with the other parameters; infill makes a 56% contribution, which is nearly twice that made by the thickness and four times as influential as the heat treatment. The layer thickness was pointed out also having a strong effect on tensile performance of the compliant FDM prototype [12,13] and the experimental results of previous work strongly supported this [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…They stated that the most influential parameters were statistically obtained through the analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique, and the results indicate that the layer thickness and the air gap have the largest impact on dynamic mechanical properties. The air gap or infill density was also shown by Tymrak et al [11] and Torres et al [12] to be an important contributing factor to tensile strength, as components with higher levels of infill physically contain more material to resist deformation. The ultimate shear strength shown by Torres et al was heavily dependent on infill as compared with the other parameters; infill makes a 56% contribution, which is nearly twice that made by the thickness and four times as influential as the heat treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

The Quantitative Research of Interaction between Key Parameters and the Effects on Mechanical Property in FDM

Wang

2017

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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The central composite design (CCD) experiment is conducted to evaluate the interaction between parameters and the effect on mechanical property. The layer thickness, deposition velocity, and air gap are considered as the key factors. Three disparate levels of the parameters are utilized in the experiment. The experimental results suggest that all these parameters can affect the bonding degree of the filaments, which affects the final tensile strength of the specimen. A new numerical model is built to describe the cooling process of the fused filament, which shows a perfect coherence with the practical temperature file of filament. It reveals what the forming mechanism of the bonding between filaments is and how these parameters act on final tensile strength of the specimen of this way from temperature. It is concluded that the parameters are not working alone; in fact they all contribute to determining the mechanical property, while the air gap plays the predominant role in determining the final tensile strength, followed by layer thickness as the next predominant factor, and the effect of deposition velocity is the weakest factor.

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Mechanical Property Optimization of FDM PLA in Shear with Multiple Objectives

Cited by 278 publications

References 13 publications

Investigating the influence of infill percentage on the mechanical properties of fused deposition modelled ABS parts

Investigating the influence of infill percentage on the mechanical properties of fused deposition modelled ABS parts

Enhancement of Mechanical Properties of FDM‐PLA Parts via Thermal Annealing

The Quantitative Research of Interaction between Key Parameters and the Effects on Mechanical Property in FDM

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