Mechanical properties of wood-plastic composites made from various wood species with different compatibilisers

Effah, Bernard; Reenen, Albert J. van; Meincken, Martina

doi:10.1007/s00107-017-1186-7

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The addition of the fibers also increased Young's modulus and decreased the elongation at break for the prepared samples. Similar results were found by other authors attributing the increase of Young's modulus and the elongation decrease to the fiber stiffness and low strain …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Direct use of Brazilian banknotes residue for the production of reinforced composites based on low‐density polyethylene

Gil

Boaventura

Paula

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this article, banknotes residues were used to prepare reinforced low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) composites. First, the banknotes residues were crushed into fibers and then it was added in the polymeric matrix using different weight ratios (1–20 wt %). The composites were prepared by melt compounding, followed by injection molding. Afterward, the composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, contact angle, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and tensile tests. The FTIR showed physical interaction between fibers and the polymer matrix. In comparison with pure LDPE, improved mechanical properties were achieved for the composites containing 5–20 wt % of fibers (i.e., increase of 83% when 20% of fibers were used), with an increase in the tensile strength and Young's modulus, and a decrease in the elongation percentage. The results illustrate that the banknotes residues can be used for reinforcement of hydrophobic polymers without the need of any chemical modification or addition of compatibilizing agents. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48232.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Direct use of Brazilian banknotes residue for the production of reinforced composites based on low‐density polyethylene

Gil

Boaventura

Paula

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The significant increase in modulus of elasticity and strength of WPCs is recognized and is reasonably understood. Numerous published studies have been shown due to the great prospect of WPCs based on plant fibers [16,17,18]. However, few studies have been performed on impact toughness behavior of WPCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Research on Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Plastic Composites

Wang

et al. 2018

Polymers

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The focus of this study was to observe the mechanical properties of bamboo plastic composites (BPCs) with bamboo pulp fiber (BPF) or white mud (WM). The essential work of fracture (EWF) methodology was used to characterize the impact toughness of BPCs. The results revealed an increase in flexural, tensile and impact properties, when adding the BPF in the BPCs. While the flexural properties of WM-reinforced BPCs revealed increasing, there was a decrease in tensile and impact strength. In an impact strength analysis study, BPF-filled BPCs showed excellent impact property over WM-filled BPCs; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) helps to explain impact fracture behavior of BPCs. EWF analysis of impact results showed that the specific essential work of fracture (we) increased significantly with the amount of BPF used in BPCs but decreased with the increase of WM in the BPCs. There was similar variation for the non-essential plastic work (βwp) of BPCs. This result indicates that the fracture initiation and fracture propagation of BPCs are different.

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“…It could be observed that a wider peak width resulted in higher interaction between compatibiliser and wood surface, which also resulted in better mechanical strength, as published in previous work. As displayed in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EVOH had more potential binding sites on pine than on beefwood, indicated by the amount of high value adhesive forces. The distribution of adhesive forces relates fairly well to their macroscopic tensile strength in a related study by the authors. The study demonstrates that it is possible to map the spatial distribution of chemically distinct functional groups on the cell wall surface of wood when functionalised compatibiliser tips are used.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, the tip–surface interaction forces between two different wood species and AFM tips modified with different polymeric compatibilisers were mapped to highlight the varying compatibility between the components. This complements a related study, where significant differences between the wood species and compatibilisers were found on macroscopic scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Localisation and quantification of potential binding sites for compatibilisers on soft‐ and hardwood in wood–plastic composite systems

Effah

Reenen

Meincken

2016

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Chemical force microscopy (CFM) was used to characterise the surface of pine and beefwood with atomic force microscopy (AFM) tips coated with different compatibilisers. With the resulting force images, potential binding sites for compatibilisers, used in wood-plastic composites (WPC) to enhance adhesion between two relatively incompatible phases, were localised and quantified. Tips were coated with two commercially available polymers namely ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) and polyethylene-grafted maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA). It could be observed that the interaction forces between the EVOH coated tip and the wood surface was highly species sensitive, whereas adhesive forces measured between the PE-g-MA coated tip and the wood surface were comparable for both wood species. The force maps show that wood species differ in the distribution of functional groups, and the force histograms show that the frequency distribution of the adhesive forces varied for the two wood species. The adhesive force maps clearly show a difference between wood/compatibiliser systems, and the differences can be related to the chemical composition of the wood species. The results confirm that not all compatibilisers are equally suitable for all wood species and these results were confirmed by mechanical tensile tests of WPC systems in a related study.

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Mechanical properties of wood-plastic composites made from various wood species with different compatibilisers

Cited by 24 publications

References 33 publications

Direct use of Brazilian banknotes residue for the production of reinforced composites based on low‐density polyethylene

Direct use of Brazilian banknotes residue for the production of reinforced composites based on low‐density polyethylene

Characterization and Research on Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Plastic Composites

Localisation and quantification of potential binding sites for compatibilisers on soft‐ and hardwood in wood–plastic composite systems

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