Mechanical properties of polylactide after repeated cleanings

Karst, David; Hain, Michelle; Yang, Yiqi

doi:10.1002/app.27897

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In Run b8 to Run b9 of S 1 , and in Run c2 to Run c9 of S 2 , NH 4 Cl was added into the reactors to evaluate the promotion effect of ammonia on PLA degradation under hyperthermophilic condition. S 1 was operated without pH control while pH in S 2 was maintained at 7.5 by automatic titration of 10 N KOH in Run c2 to Run c9 to promote the PLA degradation as pH drops by degradation of PLA to lactic acid, and it was indicated that higher pH of aqueous solution was favorable for the PLA hydrolysis (Karst et al, 2008;Tsuji and Ikarashi, 2004).…”

Section: Reactor Configuration and Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-digestion of polylactide and kitchen garbage in hyperthermophilic and thermophilic continuous anaerobic process

Wang

Hidaka

Tsuno

et al. 2012

Bioresource Technology

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Two series of two-phase anaerobic systems, consisting of a hyperthermophilic (80°C) reactor and a thermophilic (55°C) reactor, fed with a mixture of kitchen garbage (KG) and polylactide (PLA), was compared with a single-phase thermophilic reactor for the overall performance. The result indicated that ammonia addition under hyperthermophilic condition promoted the transformation of PLA particles to lactic acid. The systems with hyperthermophilic treatment had advantages on PLA transformation and methane conversion ratio to the control system. Under the organic loading rate (OLR) of 10.3 g COD/(L day), the PLA transformation ratios of the two-phase systems were 82.0% and 85.2%, respectively, higher than that of the control system (63.5%). The methane conversion ratios of the two-phase systems were 82.9% and 80.8%, respectively, higher than 70.1% of the control system. The microbial community analysis indicated that hyperthermophilic treatment is easily installed to traditional thermophilic anaerobic digestion plants without inoculation of special bacteria.

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Section: Reactor Configuration and Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-digestion of polylactide and kitchen garbage in hyperthermophilic and thermophilic continuous anaerobic process

Wang

Hidaka

Tsuno

et al. 2012

Bioresource Technology

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“…It has also been found that high temperature, long time and pH levels of dyeing result in fiber strength and elongation losses. 18,25 Phillips et al have found that the molecular weight of PLA exhibited a significant reduction of 15% and 65% after dyeing at 110 and 120 C for 30 min at pH 5, respectively. 11…”

Section: Dye Exhaustion In Pla Dyeingmentioning

confidence: 98%

A study of the structural changes during the dyeing process of IngeoTM fibers of poly(lactic acid)

Bilal

Viallier-Raynard²,

Haidar

et al. 2011

Textile Research Journal

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This study has been carried out to investigate the structural changes of poly(lactic acid) fibers, which may occur during the dyeing process. Four disperse dyes with long alkyl chains were used to demonstrate the effects of dyeing temperature on fiber structure. Polymer structure was studied using DSC and SAXS-WAXS techniques. It was found that dye uptake increased at temperatures above 70°C. The tested dyes did not show a distinct behavioral pattern. Poly(lactic acid) crystallinity increased from 53% to 60% after dyeing at 130°C. Double melting behavior was observed, suggesting the presence of two crystalline forms. This was refuted by SAXS-WAXS results. Melting behavior was investigated and the nature of the crystals was found to be independent of the dyebath temperature.

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“…Yang et al [61] studied the effect of the pH (8 or 10) and water temperature (35 or 55°C) during washing and the effect of drying conditions (air dry at 21°C/65% relative humidity or tumble dry at 50 or 70°C) on the ability of PLA to retain its mechanical properties after repeated laundering (50 cleaning cycles). It is recommended [61] that PLA fabrics should be cleaned with detergents with a low pH (i.e., pH 8), and detergents with a high pH (i.e., pH 10) should be avoided because they result in lower breaking tenacity, breaking elongation, and modulus retention due to the possible hydrolysis of the PLA polymer under strongly alkaline conditions. It is reported that washing PLA fabric at a water temperature of 35°C and air drying it at 21°C 65% RH resulted in higher modulus retention than washing and drying at higher temperatures [61].…”

Section: Washing and Dryingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is recommended [61] that PLA fabrics should be cleaned with detergents with a low pH (i.e., pH 8), and detergents with a high pH (i.e., pH 10) should be avoided because they result in lower breaking tenacity, breaking elongation, and modulus retention due to the possible hydrolysis of the PLA polymer under strongly alkaline conditions. It is reported that washing PLA fabric at a water temperature of 35°C and air drying it at 21°C 65% RH resulted in higher modulus retention than washing and drying at higher temperatures [61]. Hydrolysis of PLA polymer was stated to be the main cause of loss in mechanical properties.…”

Section: Washing and Dryingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overview of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) fibre

2010

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Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is an aliphatic polyester which can be derived from 100% renewable resources. PLA fi bres can be dyed with disperse dyes, just like PET fi bres, although a modifi ed wet processing processes are employed. A variety of wet processing applications (pretreatment, dyeing, clearing, and subsequent fi nishing treatments) that imparts the greatest chemical and physical effect on the PLA fi bres necessitate major attention. Part II of this review reviews the wet processing (pretreatment, dyeing, clearing, subsequent fi nishing treatments, washing etc.) of PLA fi bre and its effects on the fi bre. This was accomplished through a broad literature survey including recent research and development in the area.Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), the fi rst melt-processable natural-based synthetic fi bre produced from annually renewable resources [1,2], combines ecological advantages with excellent performance in textiles. It is an aliphatic polyester which can be derived from 100% renewable resources such as corn [3] (Fig. 1). The processability of PLA is equivalent to that of petroleum-based synthetic materials, where PLA polymer uses conventional polyester type fi bre melt spinning processes. PLA fi bres use conventional spinning machinery. PLA fabrics also use conventional dyeing and fi nishing machinery.PLA fi bres can be dyed with disperse dyes, just like PET fi bres, although modifi ed wet processing processes are employed. A variety of wet processing applications that imparts the greatest chemical and physical effect on PLA fi bres necessitate major attention. A better understanding of PLA fi bre and the possible effects of different wet processing treatments during production and after-care procedures during usage by the consumer is vital. Finding the best conditions and methods for wet processing and after-care applications for PLA-based textile products will increase the performance of this naturalbased melt-spinnable PLA fi bre. The aim of Part II of this review paper is to review the wet processing (pretreatment, dyeing, clearing, subsequent fi nishing treatments, washing etc.) of PLA fi bre and its effects on the fi bre. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) fi bre and its production, properties, performance, environmental impact, and end-use applications were reviewed and summarized in the fi rst part of this review. Wet Processing of PLA fi bresPLA shows many properties that are similar to those of other synthetic fi bres. PLA fi bres can be manufactured by bulk dyeing before spinning using a polymer concentrate of the same dyes as for PET fi bres [4]. However, PLA requires modifi ed dyeing and fi nishing techniques to maximize its benefi ts. It can be dyed with disperse dyes, just like PET fi bres, under high temperature and pressure although a modifi ed dyeing method is employed since PLA has low affi nity to conventional watersoluble dyes [5]. Conventional processes and fi nishing technologies can be used for processing PLA fabrics [6]. The processing temperatures conventionally used for PET need to be red...

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Mechanical properties of polylactide after repeated cleanings

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Co-digestion of polylactide and kitchen garbage in hyperthermophilic and thermophilic continuous anaerobic process

Co-digestion of polylactide and kitchen garbage in hyperthermophilic and thermophilic continuous anaerobic process

A study of the structural changes during the dyeing process of IngeoTM fibers of poly(lactic acid)

Overview of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) fibre

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