Mechanical Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber

Gunawan, Fergyanto E.; Homma, Hiroomi; Brodjonegoro, Satryo Soemantri; Hudin, Afzer Bin Baseri; Zainuddin, Aryanti

doi:10.1299/jmmp.3.943

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The SEM images of the cross-section area of the fibres (Fig. 3d) show no large voids or openings, which is consistent with the findings by Gunawan et al (2009).…”

Section: Tensile Testssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This value was smaller than the elastic moduli reported in previous work (1.7 GPa by Yusoff et al (2009) and 5 GPa by Gunawan et al (2009)) and could be due to planting condition and geometry differences of the samples. Yusoff et al (2009) and Gunawan et al (2009) reported increases of elastic modulus with reduction of the diameter of the fibres. Gunawan et al (2009) showed that this is due to large voids or openings in the cross section of OPEFB which cause a non-uniform cross section area.…”

Section: Standard Deviation Denoted In Parenthesescontrasting

confidence: 77%

“…Measurements of the sample diameters were performed using an optical microscope at three different locations, and a mean diameter was calculated. Note that Gunawan et al (2009) reported variations in the OPEFB fibre diameters that ranged from 0.4 mm to 0.72 mm. Gunawan et al (2009) also highlighted that larger diameter fibres of about 0.5 mm and above had large voids or openings within the cross section which weakened the structure of the fibres.…”

Section: Tensile Testsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Note that Gunawan et al (2009) reported variations in the OPEFB fibre diameters that ranged from 0.4 mm to 0.72 mm. Gunawan et al (2009) also highlighted that larger diameter fibres of about 0.5 mm and above had large voids or openings within the cross section which weakened the structure of the fibres. Therefore, to make sure that the sample measurements are reliable, only samples with a mean diameter ranging from 0.38 to 0.4 mm were used, which corresponds to ~5% difference.…”

Section: Tensile Testsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Effect of Silica Bodies on the Mechanical Behaviour of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibres

Omar¹,

Mohammed²,

Baharuddin³

2014

BioResources

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The surface of oil palm empty fruit bunch fibres contains embedded silica bodies or protrusions. The mechanical contribution of the protrusions towards the integrity of the fibres is still not clearly investigated. In this work, 2D and 3D finite element simulations on the surface and cross section of the fibres, respectively, were performed. The information for the models was obtained from scanning electron microscopy analysis and mechanical tests for the silica body characteristics and elastic modulus, respectively. Different silica bodies arrangements and the effect of spiked geometry of the silica bodies was investigated using 2D models. Cohesive zone modelling was introduced to simulate damage or debonding between the interface of silica bodies and fibre. A 3D finite element model was later developed consisting of a silica body (sphere) embedded halfway in the matrix. The numerical results showed that the 2D model was sensitive to critical stress compared to silica bodies spiked geometry, arrangement of silica bodies on the fibre surface, and cohesive energy. On the other hand, the results showed that for 3D models with thicknesses larger than 0.2 mm, the effect of the silica bodies on the elasticity of the fibre was not significant.

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“…The SEM images of the cross-section area of the fibres (Fig. 3d) show no large voids or openings, which is consistent with the findings by Gunawan et al (2009).…”

Section: Tensile Testssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Standard Deviation Denoted In Parenthesescontrasting

confidence: 77%

Section: Tensile Testsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Tensile Testsmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of Silica Bodies on the Mechanical Behaviour of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibres

Omar¹,

Mohammed²,

Baharuddin³

2014

BioResources

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“…1). The spots on the composite films were silica bodies embedded in the EFB pulp fibers (Gunawan et al 2009;Harsono et al 2016). Hence, more EFB pulp added into the seaweed matrix resulted in more black spots on the surface of the film.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulosic Pulp Fiber as Reinforcement Materials in Seaweed-Based Film

et al. 2016

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Composite materials made from renewable resources can minimize the environmental pollution. In this work, biocomposite films were produced using seaweed as matrix and empty fruit bunch (EFB) pulp fibers as reinforcement. Based on the results, the EFB pulp-seaweed composite films exhibited better mechanical properties than the seaweed film. It was also observed that 50% EFB pulp loading gave the highest tensile strength (81.4 MPa) and elongation at break (5.4%). This phenomenon was supported by SEM analysis, in which more fiber breakage than fiber pull-out was observed on the tensile fracture surface of composite film. Additionally, no agglomeration of the pulp fibers was observed. Instead, the pulp fibers were homogenously distributed throughout the film. In contrast, the contact angle of the seaweed-based films started to decrease once the pulp fibers were added. The decrease in the contact angle was attributed to the hydrophilic nature of the pulp fibers. Nevertheless, the contact angle values of all composite films were still comparatively high and thus, this would not affect their application as a packaging film.

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Cellulase production from palm oil mill effluent in Malaysia: Economical and technical perspectives

Hii¹,

Yeap²,

Mashitah³

2011

Engineering in Life Sciences

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The demand for cellulases has increased tremendously over the last few decades. This is due to its numerous applications in industry and also because it can be used to hydrolyze cellulosic materials into sugars that can be fermented into bioethanol and bio‐based products. This does not only open up a big and significant market for cellulases, but also provides another source of biofuel and bioenergy in the future. Nevertheless, the cost of the existing substrates for cellulase fermentation is very high if required for large‐scale production. Sustainable supplies and an economically feasible biomass are needed to reduce the cost of cellulase production. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is rich in carbohydrates, proteins, nitrogenous compounds, lipids, minerals, cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. It can be used naturally as a fermentation medium, either for cellulase or other value‐added product fermentation. In Malaysia, a large and continually increasing amount of POME is produced every year because of the high global demand for palm oil. Hence, the development of cellulase production from POME is reviewed, covering the POME production, cellulase production and the major challenges together with the future prospects of these processes.

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Mechanical Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber

Cited by 40 publications

References 4 publications

Effect of Silica Bodies on the Mechanical Behaviour of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibres

Effect of Silica Bodies on the Mechanical Behaviour of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibres

Cellulosic Pulp Fiber as Reinforcement Materials in Seaweed-Based Film

Cellulase production from palm oil mill effluent in Malaysia: Economical and technical perspectives

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