Mechanical Properties of Natural-Fiber-Reinforced Biobased Epoxy Resins Manufactured by Resin Infusion Process

Torres, Mauricio; Rentería-Rodríguez, Victoria; Urquiza, Edgar Adrian Franco

doi:10.3390/polym12122841

Cited by 40 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Henequen and ixtle fibers have an elastic modulus of 13 and 27 GPa, a tensile strength of 13 and 18 MPa (ASTM C1557), and a density of 1.12 and 1.02 g/cm 3 (ASTM D3822), respectively. More information on the mechanical properties of both plant fibers is available in previous work [ 2 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biolaminates are natural fiber-reinforced bio-based epoxy resins [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Vegetable oils obtained from soybeans and flaxseeds are suitable for producing epoxy groups with high functionality due to their relatively high iodine value and high unsaturated fatty acid content [ 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vegetable oils obtained from soybeans and flaxseeds are suitable for producing epoxy groups with high functionality due to their relatively high iodine value and high unsaturated fatty acid content [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Recent evaluations have reported that bio-based epoxy resins synthesized from functionalized natural compounds may have comparable thermal and mechanical properties with commercial epoxy resins [ 2 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. The three main components of plant fibers are cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose, where cellulose is responsible for the inherent strength and stability of the natural fibers, whereas hemicellulose contributes to their structure [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Carbonized Plant Fibers Reinforced Bio-Based Epoxy Laminates

2021

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In this work, henequen and ixlte plant fibers were carbonized in a horizontal quartz tube furnace. Several carbonized and non-carbonized fiber fabric configurations were impregnated with a bio-based epoxy resin through the infusion process. The infrared spectra revealed characteristic bands of styrene instead of organic compounds, representing that the carbonization procedure was adequate to carbonize the plant fibers. The porosity volume ratio for the non-carbonized henequen laminates showed the highest number of voids >1.9%, and the rest of the composites had a similar void density between 1.2–1.7%. The storage modulus of the non-carbonized and carbonized henequen laminates resulted in 2268.5 MPa and 2092.1 MPa, respectively. The storage modulus of the carbonized ixtle laminates was 1541.4 MPa, which is 37.8% higher than the non-carbonized ixtle laminates and 12% higher than henequen composites. The laminates were subject to thermal shock cycling, and tomography scans revealed no alterations on the porosity level or in the cracks after the cycling procedure. Thermal shock cycling promoted the post-curing effect by increasing the glass transition temperature. The viscoelastic results showed a variation in the storage modulus when the carbonized fiber fabrics were located between natural fiber fabrics, which was attributed to more excellent compaction during the infusion process. Variations in the viscoelastic behavior were observed between the different types of natural fibers, which influenced the mechanical properties.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Carbonized Plant Fibers Reinforced Bio-Based Epoxy Laminates

2021

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“…Mauricio Torres-Arellano and colleagues have studied the application of natural fibers such as Henequen, Ixtle, and Jute into biobased epoxy resins. e results show that the Jute fiber reinforcement provides high stiffness and strength while the Henequen fiber shows a high strain value [11]. Ayyappa Atmakuri et al studied the mechanical properties and wetting ability of hybrid epoxy composites reinforced with hemp/flax fiber and banana/pineapple fiber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocomposites Developed with Litchi Peel Based on Epoxy Resin: Mechanical Properties and Flame Retardant

Nguyen

2021

Journal of Chemistry

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Bio-based composites are reinforced polymeric materials, which include one or two bio-based components. Biocomposites have recently attracted great attention for applications ranging from home appliances to the automotive industry. The outstanding advantages are low cost, biodegradability, lightness, availability, and solving environmental problems. In recent days, biodegradable natural fibers are attracting a great deal of interest from researchers to work on and develop a new type of composite material for diverse applications. The objective of this work is to evaluate fire resistance and mechanical properties of epoxy polymer composites reinforced with lychee peel (Vietnam), at 10 wt%, 20 wt%, and 30 wt% mass%. The study showed that the mechanical properties and flame retardancy tended to increase in the presence of lychee peel reinforcement. In the combined ratios, 20 wt% lychee rind gave a limiting oxygen index of 21.5%, with a burning rate of 23.45 mm/min. In terms of mechanical strength, in which the Izod impact strength increased by 26.46%, the compressive strength increased by 25.20% and the tensile strength increased by 20.62%. The microscopic images (SEM images) show that the particle distribution is quite good and the adhesion and wetting compatibility on the two-phase interface of lychee peel-epoxy resin are strong.

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“…While a wealth of literature is devoted to the production of resins from renewable resources [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ], the easiest approach to sustainability in fiber reinforced composites is the switch to natural fibers [ 28 ] and, as has been conducted only recently, in the attempt to recycle composites to reuse, at the very least, the reinforcing fraction [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenine as Epoxy Resin Hardener for Sustainable Composites Production with Recycled Carbon Fibers and Cellulosic Fibers

et al. 2020

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In this work, Adenine is proposed, for the first time, as a cross-linker for epoxy resins. Adenine is an amino-substituted purine with heterocyclic aromatic structure showing both proton donors, and hydrogen bonding ability. DSC studies show that adenine is able to positively cross-link a biobased DGEBA-like commercial epoxy precursor with good thermal performance and a reaction mechanism based on a 1H NMR investigation has been proposed. The use of such a formulation to produce composite with recycled short carbon fibers (and virgin ones for the sake of comparison), as well as jute and linen natural fibers as sustainable reinforcements, leads to materials with high compaction and fiber content. The curing cycle was optimized for both carbon fiber and natural fiber reinforced materials, with the aim to achieve the better final properties. All composites produced display good thermal and mechanical properties with glass transition in the range of HT resins (Tg > 150 °C, E’ =26 GPa) for the carbon fiber-based composites. The natural fiber-based composites display slightly lower performance that is nonetheless good compared with standard composite performance (Tg about 115–120 °C, E’ = 7–9 GPa). The present results thus pave the way to the application of adenine as hardener system for composites production.

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Mechanical Properties of Natural-Fiber-Reinforced Biobased Epoxy Resins Manufactured by Resin Infusion Process

Cited by 40 publications

References 34 publications

Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Carbonized Plant Fibers Reinforced Bio-Based Epoxy Laminates

Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Carbonized Plant Fibers Reinforced Bio-Based Epoxy Laminates

Biocomposites Developed with Litchi Peel Based on Epoxy Resin: Mechanical Properties and Flame Retardant

Adenine as Epoxy Resin Hardener for Sustainable Composites Production with Recycled Carbon Fibers and Cellulosic Fibers

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