Mechanical properties of human tympanic membrane in the quasi-static regime from in situ point indentation measurements

Aernouts, Jef; Aerts, Johan R.M.; Dirckx, Joris J.J.

doi:10.1016/j.heares.2012.05.001

Cited by 66 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…6(d-e) for a comprehensive description of the curvature of the TM. This is in agreement with earlier reports of 3D imaging of the TM which were carried out by several methods (23,24). Holographic measurements on post-mortem human or cat samples show that the TM has a cup like shape with the maximum depth of about 2-3 mm.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

A compact structured light based otoscope for three dimensional imaging of the tympanic membrane

Das

Estrada

et al. 2015

SPIE Proceedings

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Abstract. Three dimensional (3D) imaging of the tympanic membrane (TM) has been carried out using a traditional otoscope equipped with a high-definition webcam, a portable projector and a telecentric optical system. The device allows us to project fringe patterns on the TM and the magnified image is processed using phase shifting algorithms to arrive at a 3D description of the TM. Obtaining a 3D image of the TM can aid in the diagnosis of ear infections such as otitis media with effusion, which is essentially fluid build-up in the middle ear. The high resolution of this device makes it possible examine a computer generated 3D profile for abnormalities in the shape of the eardrum.This adds an additional dimension to the image that can be obtained from a traditional otoscope by allowing visualization of the TM from different perspectives. In this paper, we present the design and construction of this device and details of the imaging processing for recovering the 3D profile of the subject under test. The design of the otoscope is similar to that of the traditional device making it ergonomically compatible and easy to adopt in clinical practice.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

A compact structured light based otoscope for three dimensional imaging of the tympanic membrane

Das

Estrada

et al. 2015

SPIE Proceedings

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“…At first the sinusoidal profile was applied followed by the stepwise indentation. The application of sinusoidal and stepwise incremental displacement profiles was also used by Aernouts et al (2012) to quantify the mechanical properties of the tympanic membrane in the quasi-static regime. Figure 1: Orientation of the isolated malleus incus complexes (MICs) attached to the probe holder.…”

Section: Excitation Of the Malleus Incus Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanics of the incudo-malleolar-joint – Experimental investigations for quasi-static loads

et al. 2016

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Under large quasi-static loads, the incudo-malleolar joint (IMJ), connecting the malleus and the incus, is highly mobile. It can be classified as a mechanical filter decoupling large quasi-static motions while transferring small dynamic excitations. This is presumed to be due to the complex geometry of the joint inducing a spatial decoupling between the malleus and incus under large quasi-static loads. Spatial Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) displacement measurements on isolated malleus-incus-complexes (MICs) were performed. With the malleus firmly attached to a probe holder, the incus was excited by applying quasi-static forces at different points. For each force application point the resulting displacement was measured subsequently at different points on the incus. The location of the force application point and the LDV measurement points were calculated in a post-processing step combining the position of the LDV points with geometric data of the MIC. The rigid body motion of the incus was then calculated from the multiple displacement measurements for each force application point. The contact regions of the articular surfaces for different load configurations were calculated by applying the reconstructed motion to the geometry model of the MIC and calculate the minimal distance of the articular surfaces. The reconstructed motion has a complex spatial characteristic and varies for different force application points. The motion changed with increasing load caused by the kinematic guidance of the articular surfaces of the joint. The IMJ permits a relative large rotation around the anterior-posterior axis through the joint when a force is applied at the lenticularis in lateral direction before impeding the motion. This is part of the decoupling of the malleus motion from the incus motion in case of large quasi-static loads. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. AbstractUnder large quasi-static loads, the incudo-malleolar joint (IMJ), connecting the malleus and the incus, is highly mobile. It can be classified as a mechanical filter decoupling large quasi-static motions while transferring small dynamic excitations. This is presumed to be due to the complex geometry of the joint inducing a spatial decoupling between the malleus and incus under large quasi-static loads.Spatial Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) displacement measurements on isolated malleus-incus-complexes (MICs) were performed. With the malleus firmly attached to a probe holder, the incus was excited by applying quasi-static forces at different points. For each force application point the resulting displacement was measured ...

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“…Today, most authors adopt a uniform thickness value across the entire membrane, ranging from 30-150 μm for the human TM (Gaihede et al 2007;Decraemer and Funnell 2008;Daphalapurkar et al 2009;Aernouts et al 2012). While most modelers agree to employ an average value of around 74 μm (Gan et al 2004;Cheng et al 2007;Huang et al 2008;Luo et al 2009;Zhao et al 2009), some assume an average thickness value of 100 μm (Abel and Lord 2001; Wen et al 2006;Lee et al 2006;Le and Huynh 2008).…”

Section: Average Thickness Map Of the Human Eardrummentioning

confidence: 99%

Full-Field Thickness Distribution of Human Tympanic Membrane Obtained with Optical Coherence Tomography

Jeught

Dirckx

Aerts

et al. 2013

JARO

123

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The full-field thickness distribution, three-dimensional surface model and general morphological data of six human tympanic membranes are presented. Crosssectional images were taken perpendicular through the membranes using a high-resolution optical coherence tomography setup. Five normal membranes and one membrane containing a pathological site are included in this study. The thickness varies strongly across each membrane, and a great deal of interspecimen variability can be seen in the measurement results, though all membranes show similar features in their respective relative thickness distributions. Mean thickness values across the pars tensa ranged between 79 and 97 μm; all membranes were thinnest in the central region between umbo and annular ring (50-70 μm), and thickness increased steeply over a small distance to approximately 100-120 μm when moving from the central region either towards the peripheral rim of the pars tensa or towards the manubrium. Furthermore, a local thickening was noticed in the antero-inferior quadrant of the membranes, and a strong linear correlation was observed between inferior-posterior length and mean thickness of the membrane. These features were combined into a single three-dimensional model to form an averaged representation of the human tympanic membrane. 3D reconstruction of the pathological tympanic membrane shows a structural atrophy with retraction pocket in the inferior portion of the pars tensa. The change of form at the pathological site of the membrane corresponds well with the decreased thickness values that can be measured there.

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Mechanical properties of human tympanic membrane in the quasi-static regime from in situ point indentation measurements

Cited by 66 publications

References 38 publications

A compact structured light based otoscope for three dimensional imaging of the tympanic membrane

A compact structured light based otoscope for three dimensional imaging of the tympanic membrane

Biomechanics of the incudo-malleolar-joint – Experimental investigations for quasi-static loads

Full-Field Thickness Distribution of Human Tympanic Membrane Obtained with Optical Coherence Tomography

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