Mechanical properties of friction-stir-welded polyamide sheets

Husain, Imad M.; Salim, Raed K.; Azdast, Taher; Hasanifard, S.; Shishavan, Sajjad Mamaghani; Lee, Richard Eungkee

doi:10.1186/s40712-015-0047-6

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The ANOVA results of all the studies are summarized in Table 8. Several thermoplastic materials have been investigated for butt-joint FSW, which include HDPE [1], Nylon-66 [99], glass-filled Nylon 6 (30 wt.%) [104], HMWPE (Teflon stationary shoulder tool with threaded pin) [168], polyamide-6,6 (tapered cylindrical pin) [113], and ABS (3D-printed, wooden stationary shoulder) [43]. All these studies have suggested that rotational speed is the first and traverse speed is the second most influential parameters that affect joint strength.…”

Section: Statistical-based Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total contribution of these two parameters on joint strength have been reported from 61.50% to 94.03%, with the contribution of rotational speed from 40.10% to 79.60% and traverse speed from 10.77% to 35.03%. Also, it has been reported that rotational speed is the most significant parameter, followed by traverse speed for impact strength [99] and percent elongation [104]. Adibeig et al [122] have studied PMMA using a double-step shoulder tool with threaded pin.…”

Section: Statistical-based Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 6. Percentage contribution of parameters for joint strength (tensile) of butt-joint FSW (MDPE[95], HDPE[1], PA66[99], PMMA[122], HMWPE[168], Glass-filled PA6 (30 wt.%)[104], PA6,6[113], ABS[43]), lap-joint FSW (HDPE[151], PP-CF20[148]), and FSSW (HDPE[157,165], PP[158]). AF = AxialForce, DT = Dwell Time, HTC = Heat Transfer Coefficient, PlD = Plunge Depth, RS = Rotational Speed, TA = Tilt Angle, TD = Tool Diameter, TS = Traverse Speed.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Comprehensive Review on Optimal Welding Conditions for Friction Stir Welding of Thermoplastic Polymers and Their Composites

et al. 2021

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Friction stir welding (FSW) and friction stir spot welding (FSSW) techniques are becoming widely popular joining techniques because of their increasing potential applications in automotive, aerospace, and other structural industries. These techniques have not only successfully joined similar and dissimilar metal and polymer parts but have also successfully developed polymer-metallic hybrid joints. This study classifies the literature available on the FSW and FSSW of thermoplastic polymers and polymer composites on the basis of joining materials (similar or dissimilar), joint configurations, tooling conditions, medium conditions, and study types. It provides a state-of-the-art and detailed review of the experimental studies available on the FSW and FSSW between similar thermoplastics. The mechanical properties of FSW (butt- and lap-joint configurations) and FSSW weld joints depend on various factors. These factors include the welding process parameters (tool rotational speed, tool traverse speed, tool tilt angle, etc.), base material, tool geometry (pin and shoulder size, pin profile, etc.) and tool material, and medium conditions (submerged, non-submerged, heat-assisted tooling, cooling-assisted tooling). Because of the dependence on many factors, it is difficult to optimize the welding conditions to obtain a high-quality weld joint with superior mechanical properties. The general guidelines are established by reviewing the available literature. These guidelines, if followed, will help to achieve high-quality weld joints with least defects and superior mechanical properties. Apart from parametric-based studies, the statistical-based studies (e.g., analysis of variance (ANOVA)-based studies) are covered, which helps with the determination of the influential parameters that affect the FSW and FSSW weld joint strength. Also, the optimal ranges of the most influential process parameters for different thermoplastic materials are established. The current work on the development of general guidelines and determination of influential parameters and their operating ranges from published literature can help with designing smart future experimental studies for obtaining the global optimum welding conditions. The gaps in the available literature and recommendations for future studies are also discussed.

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Section: Statistical-based Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Statistical-based Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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A Comprehensive Review on Optimal Welding Conditions for Friction Stir Welding of Thermoplastic Polymers and Their Composites

et al. 2021

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“…Therefore, FSW is only applicable to thermoplastics [ 28 ]. This technique has successfully joined: acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ], polyamide 6 and 66 (PA6 and PA66) [ 33 , 34 , 35 ], polycarbonate (PC) [ 36 , 37 ], polyethylene (PE) [ 25 , 38 , 39 ], polylactic acid (PLA) [ 40 ], polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) [ 41 , 42 , 43 ], polypropylene (PP) [ 44 , 45 , 46 ] and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Friction Stir Welding Techniques and Parameters on Polymers Joint Efficiency—A Critical Review

et al. 2021

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The objective of current work is to analyse the influence of different welding techniques and welding parameters on the morphology and mechanical strength of friction stir welds (FSW) in polymers, based on data collected in the literature. In the current work, only articles that provide data on the joint efficiency, or sufficient information to estimate it are considered. The process using conventional tool is presented and compared with new procedures developed for FSW of polymers, such as those using tools with heated stationary shoulder, preheating of the polymer or double-side passage of the tool. The influence of tool rotational speed (w), welding speed (v), tilt angle and geometry of the pin are discussed. This work focuses on the polymers most studied in the literature, polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). The use of external heating and tools with stationary shoulder proved to be of great importance in improving the surface finish, reducing defects, and increasing the mechanical strength of the welds. The increase in the w/v ratio increased the joint efficiency, especially when using conventional tools on PE. A trend was obtained for conventional FSW, but it was difficult to establish mathematical relationships, because of the variability of welding conditions.

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“…Moshwan et al [25] produced hybrid polycarbonate/AA7075 joints by FSW while Liu et al [26] joined polyamide (PA) to AA6061 by friction lap welding. Husain et al [27] optimized the processing conditions for joining PA sheets. Azarsa et al [28] then used a heated stationary shoe-shaped shoulder to produce metal polymer composites during FSW.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of tool geometry on loads developing in friction stir spot welds of polycarbonate sheets

Lambiase

Paoletti

Ilio

2016

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) experiments were carried out on polycarbonate sheets to assess the influence of the tool geometry on the joining loads and material flow. An instrumented drilling machine was used to measure the plunging load and the torque developing during the process. Different tool geometries were tested involving the variation of the tool pin shape (cylindrical or tapered), diameter of the tool pin, and diameter of the tool shoulder. The analysis of material flow enabled understanding the behavior of the load and torque trends measured during the process, such as the presence of load peaks during the plunging phase and reduced values of the axial pressure during the process. It was discovered that the average axial pressure was higher during pin plunging (such value was mainly determined by the pin diameter) while it dramatically decreased (almost to 1.2 MPa) during shoulder plunging owing to the higher heating resulting from higher tangential speed. The pin taper angle had negligible influence on the plunging load and torque. The tool shoulder influenced the plunging load and torque while it produced a negligible variation in the average axial pressure. On the other hand, the pin diameter influenced both the process loads and the axial pressure.

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Mechanical properties of friction-stir-welded polyamide sheets

Cited by 28 publications

References 15 publications

A Comprehensive Review on Optimal Welding Conditions for Friction Stir Welding of Thermoplastic Polymers and Their Composites

A Comprehensive Review on Optimal Welding Conditions for Friction Stir Welding of Thermoplastic Polymers and Their Composites

Effect of Friction Stir Welding Techniques and Parameters on Polymers Joint Efficiency—A Critical Review

Effect of tool geometry on loads developing in friction stir spot welds of polycarbonate sheets

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