Mechanical properties of clay‐reinforced polyamide

Masenelli‐Varlot, Karine; Reynaud, Emmanuelle; Vigier, G.; Varlet, J.

doi:10.1002/polb.10088

Cited by 207 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…1b, tensile modulus was improved with addition of NC. This result is consistent with the general observation that the introduction of an organoclay into a polymer matrix increases its tensile properties [10, 11]. The enhancement is easily understood because filler in organoclay form can carry more tensile load.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nanoclay and coupling agent on the physico‐mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of wood flour/polypropylene composites

Tabari

Nourbakhsh

Ashori

2010

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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This article presents the effects of coupling agent and nanoclay (NC) on some properties of wood flour/polypropylene composites. The composites with different NC and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) contents were fabricated by melt compounding in a twin‐screw extruder and then by injection molding. The mass ratio of the wood flour to polymer was 40/60 (w/w). Results showed that applying MAPP on the surface of the wood flour can promote filler polymer interaction, which, in turn, would improve mechanical properties of the composite as well as its water uptake and thermal stability. Composite voids and the lumens of the fibers were filled with NC, which prevented the penetration of water by the capillary action into the deeper parts of composite. Therefore, the water absorption in composites fabricated using NC was significantly reduced. Scanning electron microscopy has shown that the treatment of composites with 5 wt% MAPP, promotes better fiber–matrix interaction, resulting in a few numbers of pull‐out traces. In all cases, the degradation temperatures shifted to higher values after using MAPP. The largest improvement on the thermal stability of composites was achieved when NC was added. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nanoclay and coupling agent on the physico‐mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of wood flour/polypropylene composites

Tabari

Nourbakhsh

Ashori

2010

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…The surface‐modified layered silicates (organoclays) increase their interlayer basal spacing, thereby increasing the ease of entry of polymer molecules, and serve as compatibilizers between the hydrophilic clays and hydrophobic polymers. Using such organoclays, various polymer nanocomposites have been produced, including PP nanocomposites,7–12 polystyrene nanocomposites,13, 14 polyamide nanocomposites15–18 and others 19–23…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology, thermal and mechanical behavior of polypropylene nanocomposites toughened with poly(ethylene‐co‐octene)

Lim

Hassan

Rahmat

et al. 2006

Polymer International

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Rubber‐toughened polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites containing organophilic layered silicates were prepared by means of melt extrusion at 230 °C using a co‐rotating twin‐screw extruder in order to examine the influence of the organoclay and the addition of PP grafted with maleic anhydride (PPgMAH) as a compatibilizer on the morphological, mechanical and thermal properties. The mechanical properties of rubber‐toughened polypropylene nanocomposites (RTPPNCs) were studied through tensile, flexural and impact tests. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for investigation of the phase morphology and rubber particles size. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to characterize the formation of nanocomposites. The thermal properties were investigated by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The dynamic mechanical properties were examined by using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). From the tensile and flexural tests, the optimum loading of organoclay in RTPP was found to be 6 wt%. The optimum loading of PPgMAH, based on the tensile and flexural properties, was also 6 wt%. The increase in the organoclay and PPgMAH content resulted in a severe embrittlement, manifested by a drop in the impact strength and tensile elongation at break. XRD studies revealed that intercalated RTPPNCs had been successfully prepared where the macromolecular PP segments were intercalated into the interlayer space of the organoclay. In addition, the organoclay was dispersed more evenly in the RTPPNC as the PPgMAH content increased. TGA results revealed that the thermal stability of the RTPPNC improved significantly with the addition of a small amount of organoclay. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…[14][15][16] Significant alterations in crystallite morphology [11,13,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] and orientation, [11,13,17,18,21,24,[26][27][28] as well as the crystalline phase(s) present, [11,13,21,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] will also affect the materials properties. Finally, the flexible nature of these layers [37] and their propensity to align at high strains [11,13,[26][27][28][38][39][40][41] and to induce void formation at high stresses [17,42]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On The Origins of Silicate Dispersion in Polysiloxane/Layered‐Silicate Nanocomposites

Schmidt

Clément

Giannelis

2005

Adv Funct Materials

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We report the first multi‐system study of a layered‐silicate dispersion in polysiloxane/layered‐silicate nanocomposites. A variety of layered silicates (montmorillonite, synthetic fluoromica, laponite, and fluorohectorite) and cationic modifiers (single‐, twin‐, and triple‐tailed surfactants with tails of varying lengths and both primary and quaternary head‐groups) are combined to form organically modified layered silicates, which are then screened for compatibility with low‐molecular‐weight silanol‐terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). Promising combinations are then selected and studied in greater depth with respect to both molecular weight and polysiloxane end‐group and substituent chemistry. We find that the PDMS backbone is generally incompatible with the layered silicates, regardless of modification type, and that dispersion in PDMS systems results from the presence of polar end‐groups, a result unprecedented in the field of polymer nanocomposites. We go on to quantify the substituent effect, not only with respect to end‐group chemistry, but taking into account changes in the polysiloxane backbone itself. For instance, in the absence of polar end‐groups we observe dispersion in the case of poly(methylphenylsiloxane) but not poly(3,3,3‐trifluoropropylmethylsiloxane). Finally, we apply a new epoxy/amine PDMS curing chemistry to PDMS‐nanocomposite production and show higher levels of layered‐silicate dispersion than observed in comparable silanol‐terminated PDMS‐based systems. Our findings serve as an indication of what is necessary to achieve a layered‐silicate dispersion in polysiloxane/layered‐silicate nanocomposites, and may indicate a more general approach for improving dispersion in systems where the polymer backbone is otherwise incompatible with the layered silicate.

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Mechanical properties of clay‐reinforced polyamide

Cited by 207 publications

References 14 publications

Effects of nanoclay and coupling agent on the physico‐mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of wood flour/polypropylene composites

Effects of nanoclay and coupling agent on the physico‐mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of wood flour/polypropylene composites

Morphology, thermal and mechanical behavior of polypropylene nanocomposites toughened with poly(ethylene‐co‐octene)

On The Origins of Silicate Dispersion in Polysiloxane/Layered‐Silicate Nanocomposites

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