Mechanical properties of aramid fibre-reinforced acrylic bone cement

Fracture toughness of CoCr alloy-PMMA cement interface

“…This may for pure mode I loading. 24 This is consistent with the observation that the fracture surface did not deviate into the bulk indicate that the critical energy release rate for the crack tip was increasing because the estimated energy release of the cement: if the critical energy release rate for the interface were higher for the interface when compared to rate for bulk PMMA is higher than the interfacial energy release rates determined here. This data was not included bulk PMMA, deviation of the interface crack into the PMMA would be anticipated.…”

A review of plasma treatment and the clinical application of polyethylene fibres to reinforcement of acrylic resins

“…Nevertheless, a priori it appears that chopped fibres (in lengths of between 1 and 20 mm) are the most convenient form for PMMA reinforcement, particularly for bone cement, which has to be prepared "'in situ '. In view of the proven increase in performance of PMMA with increasing fibre fraction [19,45,56], it is a matter of some concern that all the research on the reinforcement of bone cement has concentrated on small loadings of chopped fibre. This situation is not restricted to high performance polyethylene fibres E l, 54,55], but also applies to the use of other fibres such as Kevlar [-8,29] and carbon fibres [32,39,40]. In fact, the highest chopped fibre loading quoted in the publications on bone cement is 7 wt % prior to mixing with the liquid monomer E8, 29,32,55].…”

“…This situation is not restricted to high performance polyethylene fibres E l, 54,55], but also applies to the use of other fibres such as Kevlar [-8,29] and carbon fibres [32,39,40]. In fact, the highest chopped fibre loading quoted in the publications on bone cement is 7 wt % prior to mixing with the liquid monomer E8, 29,32,55]. Since polymerization incorporates the monomer into the resin, the final maximum weight fraction of fibre would be below 5 wt %.…”

Reinforcement of bone cement using zirconia fibers with and without acrylic coating

“…As chemical modification of the cements may induce regulatory concerns, investigators have focused on the addition of reinforcements to improve the mechanical properties of the bone cements. The reinforcements used are particulates like bone mineral particles,5 hydroxyapatite particles with small aspect ratios,6–8 glass particles,9, 10 alumina particles11 as well as fibers made of polyethylene,12 titanium,13, 14 carbon,15 carbon nanotubes,16 aramid,17 Kevlar,18 and PMMA 19. In addition, the use of elastomers20, 21 or oligomers22 to improve the toughness of bone cements has also been evaluated.…”