Mechanical Properties and Residual Stress Measurement of TiN/Ti Duplex Coating Using HiPIMS TiN on Cold Spray Ti

Abstract

This study investigated the mechanical properties and the residual stress of high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) titanium nitride (TiN) thin film capping on cold spray titanium (Ti) coating. This TiN/Ti duplex coating was deposited on the Ti substrate, and the cold spray titanium (Ti) coating was prepared in three cases with different numbers of layers. The study determined Young’s modulus, hardness, and roughness of TiN thin film and cold spray Ti coatings by nano-indentation and AFM. The residual stress measurement of TiN/Ti duplex coating was conducted using the ring-core drilling method. A focused ion beam (FIB) drilled the TiN/Ti duplex coating with various milling depth steps. The corresponding images were obtained with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The relationship between surface deformations and relaxation stress after each milling depth step was obtained using the digital image correlation (DIC) method. The results showed TiN/Ti duplex coating exhibited excellent mechanical properties, and the residual stresses were not significantly changing with different Ti cold spray substrates, showing the feasibility of coating technology for the future applications in the aerospace industry.

Duplex surface engineering of cold spray Ti coatings and physical vapor-deposited TiN and AlTiN thin films

“…These hard coatings act as protective barriers, enhancing resistance to abrasion, corrosion, and high temperatures. This approach, known as duplex surface engineering, leverages multiple established surface technologies to create a multi-layered coating, ensuring the longevity and reliability of critical components operating in demanding environments [12][13][14][15][16]. Goldbaum et al [17] developed a duplex structure using cold spray technology and PVD for aerospace part repair.…”

The nitriding effect on the stability and mechanical properties of the iron titan phase: first-principles investigation

“…In turn, the use of high-power pulsed magnetron sputtering makes it possible to use Ti duplex coatings in the aerospace industry. 5,6 Studies indicate that surface pre-treatment and coating methods are crucial to achieve the best characteristics of coatings. For instance, it has been shown that a pre-treatment of a substrate surface has a positive effect on the morphology and properties of electrophoretically deposited biopolymer coatings.…”

“…In turn, the use of high-power pulsed magnetron sputtering makes it possible to use Ti duplex coatings in the aerospace industry. 5,6…”

Microstructure and Performance of High-Velocity Oxygen-Fuel Coupled Physical Vapor Deposition (HVOF-PVD) Duplex Protective Coatings: A Review

“…However, due to the large internal stresses and poor toughness of thin PVD coatings caused by ion bombardment with high energy during deposition, the coatings suffer from the comprehensive properties of high hardness and weak adhesion to soft metallic substrates (refers to iron, steel and other lowhardness metal materials, especially light alloys, such as Mg, Al, and Ti). In particular, the substrate easily undergoes the serious plastic deformation under the heavy load conditions, which can thereafter lead to catastrophic delamination/flaking of the top PVD protective coating [48][49][50]. Many researchers have recently proposed a new "duplex coating" system based on HVOF and PVD [45,[50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60].…”