Mechanical properties and durability performance of concretes with Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3)

Dhandapani, Yuvaraj; Sakthivel, T.; Santhanam, Manu; Gettu, Ravindra; Pillai, Radhakrishna G.

doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.02.005

Cited by 357 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Alkali-activated materials (AAMs) are binders obtained when aluminosilicate materials ("precursors") react chemically with an alkaline activator (normally an alkaline hydroxide or alkaline silicate solution) [1][2][3][4][5][6]. As materials with a low environmental impact, AAMs are attracting considerable research as cements for the future, along with limestone calcined clay (LC3) [7,8] and belite-ye'elimite-ferrite (BYF) cements [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Alkali Concentration on the Activation of Carbonate-High Illite Clay

et al. 2020

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The present study explores the effect of activating solution concentration (4, 6 and 8 M NaOH) on mechanically and thermally pre-treated carbonate-high illite clay (LCR). Pastes were prepared with an alkaline solution/clay (S/B) ratio of 0.55, which were cured at room temperature and relative humidity > 90% in a climatic chamber. At two and 28 days, compressive mechanical strength was determined, and the reaction products were characterised by X-ray Powder Diffraction analysis (XRPD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). Results obtained showed that the presence of reactive calcium in the starting clay induces co-precipitation of a mix of gels: An aluminium-enriched C-S-H gel (C-A-S-H) and a N-A-S-H gel, in which sodium is partially replaced by calcium (N,C)-A-S-H. Pastes prepared with higher (6 or 8 M) activator concentrations exhibit a more compact matrix than the ones prepared with 4 M NaOH. The findings show that the use of a 6 M NaOH solution yields a binder with two days compressive strength >20 MPa and 28 days strength of over 30 MPa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Alkali Concentration on the Activation of Carbonate-High Illite Clay

et al. 2020

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“…LC 3 has shown considerable improvement in chloride resistance of concrete compared to the other mixes with similar compressive strength [67,68]. This is mainly due to the creation of a large quantity of C-A-S-H and a synergetic impact between limestone and calcined clay [52,69].…”

Section: Durability and Microstructure Of Lc 3 Cement Bindermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The action against capillary water absorption and gas permeability indicates that LC 3 can provide significant performance in comparison to OPC. Moreover, using hydrophobic agents can lead to a material with considerably higher resistance to moisture ingress [70][71][72][73][74] meaning that LC 3 concrete has the potential to be exploited at environmental conditions where there is a risk of chloride ingress, including marine environments [67].…”

Section: Durability and Microstructure Of Lc 3 Cement Bindermentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Kenaf Fiber and LC3 Binder for Sustainable Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composite: A Review

Baghban

Mahjoub

2020

Applied Sciences

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Low impact on the environment and low cost are the key drivers for today’s technology uptake. There are many concerns for cement production in terms of negative environmental impact due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, deficiency of raw materials, as well as high energy consumption. Replacement of the cement by appropriate additives known as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) could result in reduction in GHG emission. Limestone-calcined clay cement (LC3) is a promising binder in the concrete sector for its improvements to environmental impact, durability, and mechanical properties. On the other hand, the advantages of fiber-reinforced concrete such as improved ductility, versatility, and durability have resulted in increasing demand for this type of concrete and introduction of new standards for considering the mechanical properties of fibers in structural design. Thus, using natural fibers instead of synthetic fibers can be another step toward the sustainability of the concrete industry, which is facing increasing demand for cement-based materials. This review studies the potential of natural Kenaf fiber-reinforced concrete containing LC3 binder as a step toward green cementitious composite. While studies show that energy consumption and GHG emission can be reduced and there is a significant potential to enhance mechanical and durability properties of concrete using this composition, adjustment of the mix design, assessing the long-term performance and standardization, are the next steps for the use of the material in practice.

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“…It has been also demonstrated that concrete mixes containing calcined clay developed strength similar to reference compositions and exceeding the strength depicted by mixes containing 30% fly ashes. Refined microstructures and pore structures have been obtained at early ages as a result of the high pozzolanic activity of calcined clays [23]. Powdered ceramic waste also improved the workability retention of concrete mixes and significantly improved their durability [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the pozzolanic activity of red ceramic waste using mechanical and physicochemical methods

et al. 2019

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Alternative cementitious materials can potentially reduce the environmental impact of the extraction of lime and the hazardous production of Portland cement. Red ceramic waste can be comminuted to fine particles with both filler and pozzolanic activity and used in Portland and lime mortars. This study presents the evaluation of the pozzolanic activity of red ceramic waste by physicochemical and mechanical methods using Portland cement and lime mortars. The evaluated waste depicted high pozzolanic activity and absence of Na2O, and consumed 32% of CaO according to the adapted Chapelle test. The compressive strength recorded in the pozzolanic activity test with lime was 7.1 MPa at 7 days. Moreover, the compressive strength of mixes with 25% replacement of Portland cement by red ceramic waste was 11% higher than the reference waste-free composition. The red ceramic waste depicted adequate characteristics to be used in the production of large volumes of Portland and lime mixes commonly employed in the civil construction.

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Mechanical properties and durability performance of concretes with Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3)

Cited by 357 publications

References 37 publications

Effect of Alkali Concentration on the Activation of Carbonate-High Illite Clay

Effect of Alkali Concentration on the Activation of Carbonate-High Illite Clay

Natural Kenaf Fiber and LC3 Binder for Sustainable Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composite: A Review

Evaluation of the pozzolanic activity of red ceramic waste using mechanical and physicochemical methods

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