Mechanical properties, accuracy, and cytotoxicity of UV-polymerized 3D printing resins composed of Bis-EMA, UDMA, and TEGDMA

Lin, Chin‐Feng; Lin, Yu‐Chi; Lai, Yung‐Lien; Lee, Shyh Yuan

doi:10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.05.002

Cited by 95 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A similar result was obtained in a previous study [25]. At 48 h, the 3D printed specimens cured at 60 and 80 • C did not differ significantly from the PC (Figure 8B), whereas cell viability was significantly decreased at 72 h compared with 24 and 48 h. One possible explanation is that unpolymerized monomer in the deeper layer of the resin leached out to induce a cytotoxic effect [41]. The cytotoxicity of a material is determined mainly by the degree of polymerization on its surface, which is the summation of the degree of polymerization induced during 3D printing plus the further polymerization induced by postpolymerization [42].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…During the postcuring process, UV light polymerizes not only the surface of the resin but also penetrates a certain depth [40], and the uniformity of the DC throughout the specimen has a decisive impact on both its biocompatibility and mechanical properties. Furthermore, the maximum penetration of the spectrometer was 10 µm, and so only the absorption of the superficial layer of the resin could be measured [41]. For this reason, the present study was limited to measuring the DC on the specimen's outer surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Postcuring Temperature on the Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of Three-Dimensional Printed Dental Resin Material

et al. 2021

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an attractive technology in dentistry. Acrylic-based 3D printed resin parts have to undergo postcuring processes to enhance their mechanical and biological properties, such as UV-light and thermal polymerization. However, no previous studies have revealed how the postcuring temperature influences the biocompatibility of the produced parts. Therefore, we postprocessed 3D printed denture teeth resin under different postcuring temperatures (40, 60 and 80 °C) for different periods (15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min), and evaluated their flexural properties, Vickers hardness, cell cytotoxicity, cell viability, and protein adsorption. In addition, confocal laser scanning was used to assess the condition of human gingival fibroblasts. It was found that increasing the postcuring temperature significantly improved the flexural strength and cell viability. The flexural strength and cell viability were 147.48 ± 5.82 MPa (mean ± standard deviation) and 89.51 ± 7.09%, respectively, in the group cured at 80 °C for 120 min, which were higher than the values in the 40 and 60 °C groups. The cell cytotoxicity increased in the 40 °C groups and for longer cultivation time. Confocal laser scanning revealed identifiable differences in the morphology of fibroblasts. This study has confirmed that the postcuring temperature influences the final mechanical and biological properties of 3D printed resin.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Postcuring Temperature on the Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of Three-Dimensional Printed Dental Resin Material

et al. 2021

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“…This method can reach 60 μm of accuracy according to some manufacturer data [ 6 , 7 ]. In addition, DLP printers have a digital projector screen used to transfer a single image of each layer across the entire build plate at once [ 6 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Mechanical and Physical Properties of Light and Heat Polymerized UDMA for DLP 3D Printer

Alsandi

Ikeda

Arisaka

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The aims of this study were to investigate the feasibility of using a DLP 3D printer to fabricate a crown using scan data before tooth preparation, and to investigate the effect of additional heat curing on the mechanical properties of the urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA)-based 3D printed crown. A silicone fitting test was used to evaluate the internal adaptation of the crown. For ultimate tensile strength (UTS), the specimens were tested after 24 h storage in water at 37 °C or after 10,000 thermal cycles (TC) between 5–55 °C. For shear bond strength (SBS), a PMMA self-curing resin was filled into a Teflon ring mounted onto the polished UDMA specimens. The internal adaptation of the crowns fabricated with cement space was better than those with no cement space. There was no significant difference in UTS between light-curing and additional heat-curing groups after TC. As for the SBS, there was a significant difference after TC between the two groups. Crowns can be fabricated by a DLP 3D printer using pre-preparation scans with a cement space defined in the software. Additional heat curing of the UDMA-based crown reduced residual monomer and improved its mechanical properties.

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“…Emodin has been reported to be effective in treating a number of tumors that are insensitive to other chemotherapies, adding exciting new prospects to cancer treatment (7). However, it has also been reported (8) that emodin is potentially nephrotoxic by damaging proximal tubules, which limits its applicability in cancer therapy. However, it remains unknown whether a combination of emodin and currently available chemotherapeutic drugs can exert synergistic anticancer effects while reducing side effects, such as nephrotoxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emodin and AZT synergistically inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of leukemia K562 cells through the EGR1 and the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway

Liu

Yuan

et al. 2019

Oncol Rep

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the synergistic antitumor effects of emodin and 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) on human chronic myeloid leukemia cells and to explore the possible underlying mechanisms. The K562 cells were treated with emodin and AZT, and the rates of cell inhibition and apoptosis were determined by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The mRNA expression of EGR1 was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. The expression of EGR1 was silenced using siRNA, and then protein expression of β-catenin was detected by western blotting. The results demonstrated that AZT enhanced the inhibitory effect of emodin in K562 cells. The IC 50 of the emodin/AZT combination at 24, 48 or 72 h was 23.6/235.6, 10.2/101.6 or 5.9/58.5 µmol/l, respectively, which was significantly lower compared with the IC 50 of emodin (all >32 µmol/l) or AZT (all >320 µmol/l) alone. There was a dose-dependent response to the combined emodin and AZT treatment, and the calculation of the combination index yielded values <1, demonstrating the synergistic effect of the combined treatment compared with the control (P<0.05). Furthermore, the combination of emodin and AZT increased apoptosis in K562 cells (P<0.05). Apoptosis was higher in the combination group compared with that of either treatment alone or control groups. The expression of early growth response-1 (EGR1) in K562 cells was upregulated in a time-dependent manner. The expression of EGR1 was higher in the combination group compared with that in the emodin or AZT alone groups. The expression of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the combination group was lower compared with that in the emodin or AZT alone groups. The expression of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was significantly increased following EGR1 siRNA transfection. These data suggest that treating K562 cells with a combination of emodin and AZT exhibits reduced toxicity and improves therapeutic efficacy, and that the growth, inhibition, apoptosis and regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells by emodin and AZT may be associated with the expression of EGR1.

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Mechanical properties, accuracy, and cytotoxicity of UV-polymerized 3D printing resins composed of Bis-EMA, UDMA, and TEGDMA

Cited by 95 publications

References 31 publications

Effects of Postcuring Temperature on the Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of Three-Dimensional Printed Dental Resin Material

Effects of Postcuring Temperature on the Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of Three-Dimensional Printed Dental Resin Material

Evaluation of Mechanical and Physical Properties of Light and Heat Polymerized UDMA for DLP 3D Printer

Emodin and AZT synergistically inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of leukemia K562 cells through the EGR1 and the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway

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