Mechanical Performance of Lime Mortar Coatings for Rehabilitation of Masonry Elements in Old and Historical Buildings

Branco, Fernando G.; Belgas, Maria de Lurdes; Mendes, Cátia; Pereira, L. A. S.; Ortega, José Marcos

doi:10.3390/su13063281

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Aalil et al [ 1 ] researched pozzolanic-lime mortars that reduced shrinkage and increased mechanical properties. Branco et al [ 7 ] studied the addition of silica fume in lime mortar. They obtained better results in mechanical properties and the adequacy of the studied mortars in the rehabilitation of masonry elements.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lime (i.e., lime putty, aerial lime, or hydraulic lime) is one of the oldest binders used in construction to produce mortars. In this sense, the requirements established for the use of coating mortars for old buildings are different from those prescribe for the use in new buildings, due to physicochemical, mechanical, and microstructural compatibility criteria, with hydrated lime being the most adequate, as reported by several authors Innocencio et al [ 18 ], Verdum et al [ 32 ], Branco et al [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Special attention has been provided to the compatibility of lime with different binders, such as pozzolans. Oliveira et al [ 25 ], Branco et al [ 7 ], Ayat et al [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lime-based mortars with added silica fume and bioproducts for restoration and preservation of heritage buildings

et al. 2023

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Restoration of heritage buildings requires an appropriate choice of materials, as inappropriate materials can lead to degradation rather than preservation. Hydrated lime and sand mortars are the most suitable for masonry cladding. However, they have low durability regarding current requirements. This work investigates the use of silica fume and/or biopolymers (egg albumen and additive derived from the reuse of milk unfit for human consumption (complexes of whey protein with κ-casein) in producing these mortars. Some mortars were characterized by mechanical properties (compressive and diametric strength, absorption rate) and chemical properties (SEM, Infrared spectrum). The research revealed that silica fume addition allows an increase of more than 50% in the mechanical strength of the mortars when associated with animal protein. The value may be higher than 60%, especially for biopolymers (complexes of whey protein with κ-casein). Finally, the proteins in the mortar mixture provide intense air entry that results in the formation of more pores. This increase in voids allows more CO 2 to enter, directly contributing to a faster carbonation process and performance mortar.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lime-based mortars with added silica fume and bioproducts for restoration and preservation of heritage buildings

et al. 2023

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“…Nonetheless, this mortar was enhanced by incorporating glutinous rice. To ensure compatibility, the material's performance was crucial for rehabilitation [12]. Consequently, various studies have examined the effect of incorporating various components into lime-based mortars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of sand on the mechanical characteristics of gypsum-lime mortars for heritage buildings

abed,

Al-Saffar

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The endurance and preservation of historical buildings greatly depend on the integration of lime into the mortar used for masonry linings. Therefore, conducting mechanical assessments of existing and restoration mortars is crucial to ensure their compatibility and prevent potential issues. This article emphasizes the role of sand in enhancing the efficiency and resilience of gypsum-lime mortars by examining how it influences on their mechanical properties. The main aim of this research is to provide practical guidance for the sustainable restoration and conservation of historical edifices. The study examines the mechanical attributes of gypsum-lime mortars for restoring historical structures, with a specific focus on evaluating the impact of different sand proportions (10%, 15%, and 20% by gypsum volume). Moreover, the results were scrutinized to comprehend the compositions, structural features, and compressive strength. Among the six mortar blends, the addition of 15% sand was identified as the most effective augmentation to gypsum-lime, demonstrating comparable workability. Furthermore, this proportion exhibited improved compressive and flexural strengths on the seventh day compared to pure gypsum-lime. This highlights the potential economic application and further enhancement of this locally sourced product in various finishing applications. Notably, gypsum-lime mortar infused with 15% sand exhibited optimal structural properties, particularly in terms of compressive strength.

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“…Recently, many studies have been carried out on restoration mortar in the repair and strengthening of historical buildings. Branco et al 26 investigated the mechanical performance of lime‐based mortars to be applied in the rehabilitation studies of historical buildings. As a result, mortars with lime putty showed better mechanical properties than other types of putties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of performable geopolymer mortars for use as repair material

Maraş

2021

Structural Concrete

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Heritage masonry constructions constitute an important percentage of the structures in many countries. These structures are highly vulnerable to environmental changes (such as earthquakes), and significant losses in masonry historical constructions occur even in a moderate earthquake. For this reason, damage assessment studies of these structures before earthquakes are of great importance. After an earthquake, historical buildings in Turkey were examined and it was found that many buildings underwent damage. In these structures, damage occurs during the earthquake due to the use of low‐quality materials and a lack of sufficient connections between the layers. In these buildings, damage especially occurs in the parts that undergo restoration. Since low‐strength repair mortars are generally used in the restored sections, wide cracks have occurred in the building elements under the effect of earthquakes. This study aimed to produce alternative materials that could be used as geopolymer binders in restorated buildings. The mechanical, physical, and microstructural characteristics of the geopolymer samples were investigated in detail using laboratory tests. As a result, the strength of geopolymer repair materials with 8 M and 5% calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2) was very high when compared with other values. High‐strength compatible alternative geopolymer repair mortars that could be used for restoration were produced. For this reason, mortar is considered a significant application for repairing and strengthening buildings.

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Mechanical Performance of Lime Mortar Coatings for Rehabilitation of Masonry Elements in Old and Historical Buildings

Cited by 15 publications

References 16 publications

Lime-based mortars with added silica fume and bioproducts for restoration and preservation of heritage buildings

Lime-based mortars with added silica fume and bioproducts for restoration and preservation of heritage buildings

The effect of sand on the mechanical characteristics of gypsum-lime mortars for heritage buildings

Characterization of performable geopolymer mortars for use as repair material

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