“…After collection, pre-processing is crucial to determine the extent to which we can produce high-quality materials for recycling processes (Van Eygen et al, 2018;Parajuly et al, 2016). Furthermore, after a series of material size reduction, sorting and separation processes, the WEEP will be sent to the end-processing step that converts WEEP from flakes into granulates via extrusion (Cherrington & Makenji, 2019;Ragaert et al, 2017). Unfortunately, some materials, for instance WEEP, are more difficult to dismantle and separate at the very beginning of the recycling chain, which result in low overall recycling rates (Chancerel et al, 2009).…”