Abstract:The potentials of natural fibre encourage researchers to shift their interest from synthetic fibre. Numerous works have been done on the effective use of several natural fibres in manufacturing composites for automotive and structural applications. In the current investigation, effort has been made to evaluate the effect of the addition of glass fibre and influence of stacking sequence on mechanical properties of kenaf-/glass-reinforced hybrid composite laminates. Hybrid laminates with five different stacking … Show more
“…Further, the assumption is taken as strong interfacial bonding, good contact between reinforcements and matrix could be another insight for this fluctuation. 31,46 Figure 4.Von-mises stress for (a) KKKK-PSP5, (b) KGGK-PSP5, (c) GKKG-PSP5, (d) KGKG-PSP5 and (e) GGGG-PSP5 laminates during tensile simulation.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Further, the assumption is taken as strong interfacial bonding, good contact between reinforcements and matrix could be another insight for this fluctuation. 31,46 Furthermore, the failure of polymer composites is affected by the several factors such as type of fibre, its orientation, type of matrix, volume fraction of fibre/matrix, lay-up sequence, and interfacial bonding in fibre-matrix. [47][48][49] The failure of fabricated hybrid composites under tensile loading conditions are characterized by SEM.…”
Section: Effect Of Stacking Order On Tensile Strengthmentioning
Owing to the crucial qualities such as strength, stiffness and durability, as well as low-cost manufacturing benefits, the fibre-reinforced composite materials are becoming more popular in structural applications. The current work basically focused on the influence of Pistachio shell particles (PSP) on mechanical performances of kenaf(K)/glass(G)/polyester hybrid laminates. Usual hand layup technique is used to fabricate different stacking order laminates such as KKKK, KGGK, GKKG, KGKG, and GGGG with PSP filler concentration of 1 wt%, 3 wt% and 5 wt%. The experimental findings reflect a noticeable improvement in mechanical properties with gradual inclusion of PSP filler. The KGKG laminate with 5 wt% of PSP shows an optimum tensile strength of 127.35 MPa and highest micro-hardness value of 21.35 HV, whereas KGKG laminate with 3 wt% of PSP exhibits a maximum flexural of 112.42 MPa and impact strength of 75.59 KJ/m2. The numerical analysis is also been carried out to validate the experimental results using ANSYS 19.0 software. On comparing the data of numerical analysis with experimental values, the deviation of result is found to be within the limit of 5% to 10%. Furthermore, the result of Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) has shown a highest amount of residue of 31.22% at 700°C in case of GKKG laminate with 5% of PSP filler. Again, at 5 wt% of PSP filler, the GKKG laminate has shown a lower water intake capability of 3.5% in comparison to KGKG and KGGK laminates at saturation time of 14 days. The fractography study has been conducted to examine the different mode of failure of laminates during testing by the help of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
“…Further, the assumption is taken as strong interfacial bonding, good contact between reinforcements and matrix could be another insight for this fluctuation. 31,46 Figure 4.Von-mises stress for (a) KKKK-PSP5, (b) KGGK-PSP5, (c) GKKG-PSP5, (d) KGKG-PSP5 and (e) GGGG-PSP5 laminates during tensile simulation.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Further, the assumption is taken as strong interfacial bonding, good contact between reinforcements and matrix could be another insight for this fluctuation. 31,46 Furthermore, the failure of polymer composites is affected by the several factors such as type of fibre, its orientation, type of matrix, volume fraction of fibre/matrix, lay-up sequence, and interfacial bonding in fibre-matrix. [47][48][49] The failure of fabricated hybrid composites under tensile loading conditions are characterized by SEM.…”
Section: Effect Of Stacking Order On Tensile Strengthmentioning
Owing to the crucial qualities such as strength, stiffness and durability, as well as low-cost manufacturing benefits, the fibre-reinforced composite materials are becoming more popular in structural applications. The current work basically focused on the influence of Pistachio shell particles (PSP) on mechanical performances of kenaf(K)/glass(G)/polyester hybrid laminates. Usual hand layup technique is used to fabricate different stacking order laminates such as KKKK, KGGK, GKKG, KGKG, and GGGG with PSP filler concentration of 1 wt%, 3 wt% and 5 wt%. The experimental findings reflect a noticeable improvement in mechanical properties with gradual inclusion of PSP filler. The KGKG laminate with 5 wt% of PSP shows an optimum tensile strength of 127.35 MPa and highest micro-hardness value of 21.35 HV, whereas KGKG laminate with 3 wt% of PSP exhibits a maximum flexural of 112.42 MPa and impact strength of 75.59 KJ/m2. The numerical analysis is also been carried out to validate the experimental results using ANSYS 19.0 software. On comparing the data of numerical analysis with experimental values, the deviation of result is found to be within the limit of 5% to 10%. Furthermore, the result of Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) has shown a highest amount of residue of 31.22% at 700°C in case of GKKG laminate with 5% of PSP filler. Again, at 5 wt% of PSP filler, the GKKG laminate has shown a lower water intake capability of 3.5% in comparison to KGKG and KGGK laminates at saturation time of 14 days. The fractography study has been conducted to examine the different mode of failure of laminates during testing by the help of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
“…Properties of reinforcements and matrix. 26 the unsaturated polyester mix. The mixture is stirred manually by hand until the filler material is distributed uniformly throughout the matrix mix.…”
Section: Preparation Of Psp/kf/gf/polyester Laminatesmentioning
The concern for the environmental hazards due to rapid utilization of non-biodegradable resources has persuaded the researchers to develop eco-friendly materials with noble categories of plant-based fibers and fillers. In view of this content, an effort has been initiated in the present work to explore the retrospective effect of PSP (Pistachio shell particles) on both mechanical as well as erosive wear performances of KG (kenaf/glass/kenaf/glass) hybrid polyester laminated composite. The KG laminate with different filler concentration, that is, 0 wt%, 1 wt%, 3 wt%, and 5 wt% were fabricated by using hand-lay-up technique and the mechanical properties of these laminates were determined by performing tensile, flexural and impact tests as per ASTM standard. A higher tensile value of 127.35 MPa with modulus of 7.658 GPa and hardness of 21.35 HV was obtained at 5 wt% reinforcement of PSP filler whereas 3 wt% filler reinforcement responded an optimum flexural strength of 112.42 MPa with modulus of 5.214 GPa and impact strength of 75.59 KJ/m2. To evaluate the wear performance of this laminates against high-speed solid particle, erosion wear test was carried out at different striking velocity and impingement angles. A noticeable reduction of 12.63% in wear rate was found due to increase with concentration PSP filler from 0% to 5 wt%. Further, the η (erosion efficiency) was also found to be limited within the range of 5.94% to 32.98%. From micrographic analysis of the fracture surface, micro-ploughing and micro-cutting actions were found to be most predominant primary wear mechanisms.
“…One of the most common numerical methods used in the analysis of natural fiber composites is finite element analysis (FEA). The FEA has been used to study the mechanical properties of various natural fiber composites, including those reinforced with kenaf [28], sisal [29], banana [30], coir, bamboo, and hemp [31] fibers. Earlier researchers focused on the analysis of different hybrid NFPMCs using numerical and experimental methods, specifically investigating the tensile properties [32] and mechanical behaviour [33].…”
The present work deals with the mechanical characteristics and deflection responses of novel partially biodegradable hybrid composites embracing an animal based (Human Hair), a plant based (Luffa Cylindrica) fiber (denoted as HHF and LCF) and Incense Stick Ash (ISA) under different loadings. Ultrasonicator assisted hand lay-up technique has been followed for the inhouse fabrication process by incorporating epoxy resin as the matrix material while varying weight ratios (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.%) of ISA filler. Firstly, the density, elastic properties through non-destructive Impulse Excitation Technique (IET), microhardness, strengths under tensile, bending and impact loading are obtained and the surface morphology of fractured surfaces is studied. The composite filled with 10 wt.% ISA shown the best overall tensile, bending and shear properties, while the highest flexural strength and microhardness is depicted by composite filled with 20 wt.% ISA. Subsequently, finite element (FE) analysis using a simulation model in ANSYS is employed to acquire the tensile and flexural strength, those are found to be comparable with the experimental values. Finally, a higher-order nonlinear FE model is developed and implemented using MATLAB programming platform to compute the static responses under different loads (point load, sinusoidally distributed line load, uniformly distributed line load, uniformly distributed load and sinusoidally distributed load) using the experimentally obtained composite material properties. The validity of the developed model has been tested by comparing the results with the data acquired through lab-scale experimentation. From the numerical illustrations, moderate ISA filled (10 wt.%) composites with higher aspect ratio and lower thickness ratio are observed to provide more significant resistance to deflection under static loading.
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