Mechanical characterization of cellulose nanofiber and bio-based epoxy composite

Masoodi, Reza; Elhajjar, Rani; Pillai, Krishna M.; Sabo, Ronald

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2011.11.042

Cited by 121 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The thickness growth or swelling measurement can enable mold designers to estimate the porosity and permeability change during the moldfilling processes such as LCM. In the swelling tests on nanocellulose films [72], the thickness of NFC films increased up to averages of 242 % and 159 % for water and the bio-derived epoxy after 2 min. The rate of the increase is significant at the initiation of the soaking procedure then stabilizes within a minute of the initiation of the swelling tests ( Fig.…”

Section: Liquid Molding Processes: Resin Transfer Molding and Its Dermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Films or "nanopaper" of NFCs have also shown superior mechanical properties and have been used as a reinforcement phase in composites. Masoodi et al [88] used a bio-based epoxy (Super Sap 100/1000) made by Entropy Bio-Resins Co [89]. The bio-based epoxy is an epoxy resin that is made from up to 37 % bio-content obtained as coproducts of other green industries including wood pulp and biofuel production.…”

Section: Planar Reinforcementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Processing the same pulp to NFC, the researchers found increased modulus and strength from the NFC-based composites when combined with a phenol formaldehyde matrix. The Young's modulus of NFC-based and pulp-based composites using phenolic resin as binder was very similar, around 18-19 GPa; however, the bending strength peaked at 370 and 260 MPa for NFC and pulp-based composites, respectively [88,120]. The planar NFC reinforcements also result in significant amounts of porosity ($10 %) that can affect the stiffness values [52].…”

Section: Stiffness and Strength Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Characterization and Processing of Nanocellulose Thermosetting Composites

Sabo

Elhajjar

Clemons

et al. 2014

Handbook of Polymer Nanocomposites. Processing, Performance and Application

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Section: Liquid Molding Processes: Resin Transfer Molding and Its Dermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Planar Reinforcementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stiffness and Strength Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Characterization and Processing of Nanocellulose Thermosetting Composites

Sabo

Elhajjar

Clemons

et al. 2014

Handbook of Polymer Nanocomposites. Processing, Performance and Application

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“…Nano-sized materials have superior properties, such as increased chemical activities, increased aspect ratios, and enhanced physical properties (Auer and Frenkel, 2001). Thus, many researchers (Zhai et al, 2007;Masoodi et al, 2012) have shown important progress in obtaining signifi cant improvements in performance, such as enhanced physical, mechanical, thermal, and surface properties, by mixing low concentrations of nanoparticles or nanofi brils with epoxy.…”

Section: Uvodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Thermal Properties of Cellulose Nanofibrils Reinforced Epoxy Nanocomposites

Aydemir

2015

Drvna ind.

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“…As a result, they are increasingly being evaluated in various fields such as materials science, electronics, catalysis and biomedicine and also several sectors of engineering such as automotive, aerospace, construction, and sports equipment manufacturing 184,186 . The composites made of cellulose nanoparticles have flexibility during processing with no harm to the equipment, good mechanical properties, enhanced energy recovery, and reduced dermal and respiratory irritation 187 .…”

Section: Nanocellulose Reinforced Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring spinifex biomass for renewable materials building blocks

Amiralian¹

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Triodia pungens is one of the 69 species of an Australian native arid grass spinifex which covers approximately 27 % (2.1 million km 2 ) of the Australian landmass. The use of fibrous and resinous components of spinifex has been well documented in traditional indigenous Australian culture for thousands of years. In this thesis the utility of both the cellulosic and resinous components of this abundant biomass for modern applications, and a potential economy for ourAboriginal collaborators, were explored. One part of this study was focused on the optimisation of a resin extraction process using solvent, and the subsequent evaluation, via a field trial, of the potential use and efficacy of the resin as a termiticide. Termiticidal performance was evaluated by re-dissolving the extracted resin in acetone and coating on pine timber blocks. The resin-coated and control blocks (uncoated timber) were then exposed to a colony of Mastotermes darwiniensis termites, which are the most primitive active and destructive species in subterranean areas, at a trial site in northeast Australia, for six months. The results clearly showed that spinifex resin effectively protected the timber from termite attack, while the uncoated control samples were extensively damaged. By demonstrating an enhanced termite resistance, it is shown that plant resins that are produced by arid/semi-arid grasses could be potentially used as treatments to prevent termite attack.In the other part of this study it has been demonstrated that very small diameter and unprecedentedly high aspect ratio cellulose nanofibrils (NFC) can be readily isolated from spinifex biomass using unrivalled mild pulping coupled with minimal mechanical energy by any of three methods; high pressure homogenizer, ultrasonication, and milling. After washing, delignification and bleaching steps, the mechanical defibrillation of fibres was optimized by varying the specific processing conditions of each of these three mechanical treatment methods. Cellulose nanofibres with an extremely low average diameter (below 10 nm) and high aspect ratio (~500) were produced, even after applying very low energy processing. Similarly, acid hydrolysis at lower temperatures and acid concentrations with respect to the published contemporary protocols yielded high aspect ratio cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), for which the average lengths were found to be unaffected by further ultrasonic treatments. We hypothesize that the chemical and morphological origins for this surprisingly low energy input requirement for isolating high aspect ratio nanofibers from Triodia pungens is directly related to the plant's unique morphology and composition, which contains unusually high amounts of hemicellulose. It is also hypothesised that these unique traits are a result of this species' evolution, which has been heavily influenced by an extreme semi-arid climate.Polyurethane and spinifex CNC nanocomposites were also prepared via twin-screw reactive extrusion and solvent casting. Twin-screw reactive extrusion offer...

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Mechanical characterization of cellulose nanofiber and bio-based epoxy composite

Cited by 121 publications

References 17 publications

Characterization and Processing of Nanocellulose Thermosetting Composites

Characterization and Processing of Nanocellulose Thermosetting Composites

Morphological and Thermal Properties of Cellulose Nanofibrils Reinforced Epoxy Nanocomposites

Exploring spinifex biomass for renewable materials building blocks

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