Characterization and Processing of Nanocellulose Thermosetting Composites

Sabo, Ronald; Elhajjar, Rani; Clemons, Craig M.; Pillai, Krishna M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-45232-1_64

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Thus, the rod-like acid-resistant CNCs are produced with reduced DP as compared to the native cellulose, and the degree of drop-off depends on the cellulose origins (e.g., cotton, ramie fibers, algae, bleached wood pulp, bacterial cellulose, or tunicate) [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. The dimensions of CNCs vary upon the cellulose origins as well and range from 3 to 20 nm in diameter and 100 nm to several micrometers (from celluloses of tunicates, algae, bacteria) in length (aspect ratio, length/diameter, was from 10 to 100) [ 26 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]; CNCs from animal tunicate have a large aspect ratio close to 100 [ 37 ]. The Young’s modulus of CNCs can reach to the range of 120 to 170 GPa [ 33 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Biofibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Grafting of Biofibers for Biocomposites

2016

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A recent increase in the use of biofibers as low-cost and renewable reinforcement for the polymer biocomposites has been seen globally. Biofibers are classified into: lignocellulosic fibers (i.e., cellulose, wood and natural fibers), nanocellulose (i.e., cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose nanofibrils), and bacterial cellulose, while polymer matrix materials can be petroleum based or bio-based. Green biocomposites can be produced using both biobased fibers and polymers. Incompatibility between the hydrophilic biofibers and hydrophobic polymer matrix can cause performance failure of resulting biocomposites. Diverse efforts have focused on the modification of biofibers in order to improve the performances of biocomposites. “Grafting” copolymerization strategy can render the advantages of biofiber and impart polymer properties onto it and the performance of biocomposites can be tuned through changing grafting parameters. This review presents a short overview of various “grafting” methods which can be directly or potentially employed to enhance the interaction between biofibers and a polymer matrix for biocomposites. Major grafting techniques, including ring opening polymerization, grafting via coupling agent and free radical induced grafting, have been discussed. Improved properties such as mechanical, thermal, and water resistance have provided grafted biocomposites with new opportunities for applications in specific industries.

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Section: Biofibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Grafting of Biofibers for Biocomposites

2016

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“…Por ejemplo, el refinado mecánico severo de pulpas altamente purificadas da como resultado una fibra fibrilada, esta forma de celulosa con anchos de fibrillas del mismo orden de magnitud que la celulosa microfibrillas en la pulpa original. Esta celulosa microfibrilada (MFC) tiene más de una estructura de red que los CNC y a menudo forma geles en agua incluso a bajas concentraciones (<1% en peso) [3].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Cellulose Nanoparticles:systematic Review

Alfaro Flores,

Álvarez Quiroz,

Asato Cerna

et al. 2024

goi

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The demand of the population requires the reduction of products that affect the environment, which is why the transition to ecological materials is sought, through Nanotechnology. Nanocellulose is a nanostructural material obtained from plant cellulose. Nanocellulose synthesis means breaking down cellulose into individual fibers at the nanometer scale, resulting in unique mechanical and chemical characteristics. The synthesis of nanocellulose can be carried out basically by hydrolysis processes. This method allows cellulose fibers to be separated into much smaller particles known as cellulose nanofibers (CNF), nanocrystals (CNC) or bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). On the other hand, it is shown that the mechanical characteristics of nanocellulose have high mechanical resistance and are stronger than many conventional materials, such as steel. This chemical versatility allows nanocellulose to tailor its characteristics to specific applications. The evaluation of the characteristics of nanocells is carried out using technologies such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction. Through this systematic review, the following were analyzed: synthesis, properties, morphology, characterization methods and the applications that can be given to this new size of materials.

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“…Due to the fact that fiber-reinforced polymer composites are receiving immerse attention over existing metallic materials is mainly due to prominence benefits. These benefits include versatility in customizable and yet remain mechanically strong despite their lightweight and low-temperature manufacturing [3]. Polymer composites are known as multiple-phase materials which have two or more distinct constituent materials fillers strengthen within a matrix of polymer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance evaluation of cellulose nanofiber reinforced polymer composites

Norrrahim

Kasim

Knight

et al. 2021

Funct. Compos. Struct.

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In recent years, cellulose nanofiber (CNF) has become an avidly researched material in cutting edge research fields involving prominent researchers, both in academia and industry. This has become an exciting time reaching beyond just scientific curiosity as CNF is beginning to enter various marketplaces. CNF shows unique and potentially useful features, which includes abundance, high specific surface area, renewability, high strength, eco-friendliness and high crystallinity. It is an excellent material for polymer reinforcement. Many studies have been conducted to understand the effects of CNF as a filler in polymer composites. Interestingly, most CNF polymer composites have shown a better mechanical performance compared to the neat base polymer. Thus, this enhances the application of CNF into reinforced polymer composites in several industries such as automotive, packaging, medical implant, electronics, building material and paper. Therefore, in this review, the performances of CNF polymer composites are carefully evaluated. Beyond that, several factors influencing the performance of these composites are discussed.

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Characterization and Processing of Nanocellulose Thermosetting Composites

Cited by 11 publications

References 111 publications

A Review on Grafting of Biofibers for Biocomposites

A Review on Grafting of Biofibers for Biocomposites

Cellulose Nanoparticles:systematic Review

Performance evaluation of cellulose nanofiber reinforced polymer composites

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