Mechanical behaviors and probabilistic multiphase network model of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel after being immersed in sodium hydroxide solution

Zuo, Zeyu; Zhang, Yongrou; Zhou, Licheng; Liu, Zejia; Jiang, Zhenyu; Liu, Yiping; Tang, Liqun

doi:10.1039/d1ra00653c

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…This is because acid-base reaction between PVA and NaOH can increase the microcrystalline in the polymer network. [27] To facilitate the network dissolution, we put PVA-LM 3 -FT hydrogels in a bottle of NaOH solution (pH = 13) and heated them at 90 °C for 3 h. Owing to the dissociation of multiple hydrogen bonding network, the hydrogels were dissolved, and LM droplets could thus be successfully separated and obtained (Figure S23, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Pva-lm-ft Hydrogelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Laminated Gravity‐Driven Liquid Metal‐Doped Hydrogel of Unparalleled Toughness and Conductivity

Zhang,

Lu,

Yun

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Conductive hydrogels have been promising candidates for wearable and flexible electronics due to their high flexibility and biocompatibility. However, the previously reported hydrogels with conductivity over 1000 S m−1 usually have poor mechanical properties including low tensile stress (<5 MPa) and toughness (<2 MJ m−3). Here, a liquid metal‐doped polyvinyl alcohol (PVA‐LM) hydrogel is presented, which simultaneously combines ultra‐high conductivity (maximum of 217 895 S m−1) with excellent mechanical properties, including high tensile stress (15.44 MPa), large tensile strain (704%), high toughness (43.02 MJ m−3) and excellent fatigue resistance. Such extremely high conductivity is afforded by self‐sintering behavior of LM at the bottom surface that enables the formation of conductive networks. The formation of polymer crystalline regions and polymer‐tannic acid multiple hydrogen bonds are responsible for the impressive mechanical properties of conductive hydrogels. Particularly, the electric LM filler could be recycled in the robust hydrogel by dissociation of multiple dynamic interactions. Most importantly, wearable electrodes and capacitive sensors are developed utilizing PVA‐LM hydrogel. These devices enable accurate monitoring of bioelectrical signals and human motions, highlighting their immense potential in the realm of soft electronics and wearable technology.

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Section: Mechanical Properties Of Pva-lm-ft Hydrogelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Laminated Gravity‐Driven Liquid Metal‐Doped Hydrogel of Unparalleled Toughness and Conductivity

Zhang,

Lu,

Yun

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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“…The stress-strain curves of tensile tests for aSC-DH gels in the directions parallel and perpendicular to the freezing direction are shown in Figure 2 C. The gradual fracture mode and fiber pull out are both commonly observed behaviors in anisotropic polymer systems ( Zuo et al., 2021 ). The alignment not only enhanced strength in the parallel direction but also ensured the resistance to crack propagation in the polymer matrix.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Tendon-inspired anti-freezing tough gels

Duan

Hua

et al. 2021

iScience

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Summary Hydrogels have gained tremendous attention due to their versatility in soft electronics, actuators, biomedical sensors, etc. Due to the high water content, hydrogels are usually soft, weak, and freeze below 0°C, which brings severe limitations to applications such as soft robotics and flexible electronics in harsh environments. Most existing anti-freezing gels suffer from poor mechanical properties and urgently need further improvements. Here, we took inspirations from tendon and coniferous trees and provided an effective method to strengthen polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel while making it freeze resistant. The salting-out effect was utilized to create a hierarchically structured polymer network, which induced superior mechanical properties (Young's modulus: 10.1 MPa, tensile strength: 13.5 MPa, and toughness: 127.9 MJ/m 3 ). Meanwhile, the cononsolvency effect was employed to preserve the structure and suppress the freezing point to −60°C. Moreover, we have demonstrated the broad applicability of our material by fabricating PVA hydrogel-based hydraulic actuators and ionic conductors.

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“…We observed that the scaffold was able to maintain its integrity when immersed in a 1% w/v 0.1 M NaOH solution for 2 min. The addition of NaOH has been reported to induce a level of phase separation of the polymer network, thereby increasing the microcrystallinity of semicrystalline polymers such as PVA. , Once the crosslinking conditions were finalized, we optimized the number of cells to be included within the bioink.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Crosslinked Antioxidant Mixture of Poly(vinyl alcohol) and Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles as a Bioink for 3D Bioprinting

Rizwana,

Maslekar,

Chatterjee

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has made it possible to fabricate structures with intricate morphologies and architectures, which is considered difficult to do when using other conventional techniques like electrospinning. Although the 3D printing of thermoplastics has seen a huge boom in the past few years, it has been challenging to translate this technology to cellbased printing. A major limitation in bioprinting is the lack of inks that allow for the printing of 3D structures that meet the biological requirements of a specific organ or tissue. A bioink is a viscous polymer solution that cells are incorporated into before printing. Therefore, a bioink must have specific characteristics to ensure both good printability and biocompatibility. Despite the progress that has been made in bioprinting, achieving a balance between these two properties has been difficult. In this work, we developed a multimodal bioink that serves as both a cell carrier and a free radical scavenger for treating peripheral nerve injury. This bioink comprises poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and cerium oxide nanoparticles (also called nanoceria (NC)) and was developed with a dual crosslinking method that utilizes citric acid and sodium hydroxide. By employing this dual crosslinking method, good printability of the bioink and shape fidelity of the bioprinted structure were achieved. Additionally, a cell viability study demonstrated that the cells remained compatible and viable even after they underwent the printing process. The combination of this PVA/NC bioink and the dual crosslinking method proved to be effective in enhancing printability and cell biocompatibility for extrusion-based bioprinting applications.

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Mechanical behaviors and probabilistic multiphase network model of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel after being immersed in sodium hydroxide solution

Abstract: Phase separation occurs in polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel after being immersed in sodium hydroxide solution. The change of the network structure leads to significant changes in the mechanical behaviors.

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

A Laminated Gravity‐Driven Liquid Metal‐Doped Hydrogel of Unparalleled Toughness and Conductivity

A Laminated Gravity‐Driven Liquid Metal‐Doped Hydrogel of Unparalleled Toughness and Conductivity

Tendon-inspired anti-freezing tough gels

Dual Crosslinked Antioxidant Mixture of Poly(vinyl alcohol) and Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles as a Bioink for 3D Bioprinting

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