Dual Crosslinked Antioxidant Mixture of Poly(vinyl alcohol) and Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles as a Bioink for 3D Bioprinting

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has made it possible to fabricate structures with intricate morphologies and architectures, which is considered difficult to do when using other conventional techniques like electrospinning. Although the 3D printing of thermoplastics has seen a huge boom in the past few years, it has been challenging to translate this technology to cellbased printing. A major limitation in bioprinting is the lack of inks that allow for the printing of 3D structures that meet the biological requirements of a specific organ or tissue. A bioink is a viscous polymer solution that cells are incorporated into before printing. Therefore, a bioink must have specific characteristics to ensure both good printability and biocompatibility. Despite the progress that has been made in bioprinting, achieving a balance between these two properties has been difficult. In this work, we developed a multimodal bioink that serves as both a cell carrier and a free radical scavenger for treating peripheral nerve injury. This bioink comprises poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and cerium oxide nanoparticles (also called nanoceria (NC)) and was developed with a dual crosslinking method that utilizes citric acid and sodium hydroxide. By employing this dual crosslinking method, good printability of the bioink and shape fidelity of the bioprinted structure were achieved. Additionally, a cell viability study demonstrated that the cells remained compatible and viable even after they underwent the printing process. The combination of this PVA/NC bioink and the dual crosslinking method proved to be effective in enhancing printability and cell biocompatibility for extrusion-based bioprinting applications.

Nanomaterials-Based Hybrid Bioink Platforms in Advancing 3D Bioprinting Technologies for Regenerative Medicine

“…20,169,170 Peptidedendrimer reinforced bioink (HC-PDN) presents enhanced mechanical properties and bioprinting capabilities, offering prospects for intricate tissue fabrication. 171 Rizwana et al 172 used a dual-cross-linked PVA and cerium oxide (CeO 2 ) nanoparticle composite as a bioink for 3D bioprinting, while Chandra et al (2023) 173 demonstrated CeO 2 's cytocompatibility and oxidative stress protection in mouse myoblast cells, enhancing the potential of bioprinted constructs. Each formulation embodies a balance of advantages and limitations, influencing its suitability for specific bioprinting applications.…”

“…Polyurethane (PU) showcases excellent biocompatibility and mechanical strength, as evidenced by the GO-PU hybrid, offering improved properties for tissue regeneration. ,, Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) enables versatile bioinks for cartilage bioprinting with good printability and mechanical properties. , Polylactic- co -glycolic acid (PLGA) nanomaterials enhance rheological characteristics and osteogenic differentiation, showcasing potential for bone tissue engineering. ,, Peptide-dendrimer reinforced bioink (HC-PDN) presents enhanced mechanical properties and bioprinting capabilities, offering prospects for intricate tissue fabrication . Rizwana et al used a dual-cross-linked PVA and cerium oxide (CeO 2 ) nanoparticle composite as a bioink for 3D bioprinting, while Chandra et al (2023) demonstrated CeO 2 ’s cytocompatibility and oxidative stress protection in mouse myoblast cells, enhancing the potential of bioprinted constructs. Each formulation embodies a balance of advantages and limitations, influencing its suitability for specific bioprinting applications.…”