Mechanical and thermal studies of metronidazole crystals

Ramukutty, S.; Jeyasudha, R.; Ramachandran, E.

doi:10.1007/s12648-013-0337-x

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A huge endothermic peak is also observed directly following the melting of the pure metformin HCl, which is due to the decomposition of the pure drug (Plata-Vargas et al, 2017). More details about the thermal degradation of metformin HCl were reported by Ramachandran et al (Ramukutty et al, 2014). These results are supported by TG analysis of the pure drug.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Paracellular Pathway Enhancement of Metformin Hydrochloride via Molecular Dispersion in Span 60 Microparticles

et al. 2019

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Surfactants are well known as permeation enhancers. Span 60 microparticles encapsulating different concentrations of metformin HCl were prepared by using rapid congeal melting technique. Electro-scanning microscope showed smooth surface but less round microparticles. The actual drug content was nearly equal in the different particle sizes of the microparticles. Differential scanning calorimetry results indicated the molecular distribution of the drug molecules with no evidence of drug thermal degradation. The drug release profile from the microparticles has, in each case, burst and there was incomplete drug release. The drug partition coefficient is markedly enhanced as a result of its molecular dispersion in Span 60, indicating the increasing of the drug lipophilicity as a result of its encapsulation in the polar part of the surfactant. Non-everted sac was used to study the drug permeability after solving its critical points. Compared to pure drug, the permeability profile of the drug increased from the Span 60-encapsulated drug, with a total permeation of 68% and drug absorption enhancement of 253%. The drug permeation enhancement mechanism was suggested to be molecular dispersion in the matrix, which is emulsified by Tween 80, and this leads to increasing the hydrophilic paracellular pathway of the drug. Considering the emulsification system of the GIT, which emulsifies the Span 60 instead of Tween 80, a huge improvement of the biopharmaceutics classification system class III permeability and consequently bioavailability could be expected. In addition, this study will open the door to the use of the same technique for enhancing the drug absorption mechanisms by the paracellular pathway for rapid and complete pharmacological effect.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Paracellular Pathway Enhancement of Metformin Hydrochloride via Molecular Dispersion in Span 60 Microparticles

et al. 2019

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“…Weight loss of 22.02% at 275.3°C is attributed to removal of hydrochloride molecule. The release of C 2 H 4 molecule from the drug resulted in weight loss of 18% at 304.9°C while weight loss around 382°C could be assigned to decomposition of the drug [ 31 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development, characterization and In-vitro evaluation of guar gum based new polymeric matrices for controlled delivery using metformin HCl as model drug

et al. 2022

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Currently, hydrogels are considered as ideal biomaterials due to their unique structure and characteristics that facilitates considerable hydrophilicity, swelling, drug loading and release. In this study, we report pH-responsive GG-MAA-AMPS hydrogel delivery system prepared via free radical polymerization technique. Hydrogels were loaded with Metformin HCl as a model drug. Hydrogels were characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR confirmed the successful crosslinking of reactants, hydrogel network formation and drug loading. TGA and DSC proved the higher thermal stability of reactants after crosslinking and drug loading. XRD analysis showed decrease in crystallinity of drug after loading into the hydrogels. SEM revealed smooth and glassy appearance of both loaded and unloaded hydrogels. Gel content was increased with increase in concentration of reactants. Drug entrapment was decreased by increasing concentration of GG and AMPS while MAA acted inversely. Hydrogels displayed pH-dependent swelling and drug release behavior being high at pH 6.8 and 7.4 while low at acidic pH (1.2). Oral tolerability in rabbits showed that hydrogels were safe without causing any hematological or histopathological changes in healthy rabbits. Based on the obtained results, GG-MAA-AMPS can be considered as potential carrier for metformin HCl as well as other hydrophilic drugs.

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“…This compound decomposes to dicyanamide (C 2 HN 3 ) and NH 3 , with a weight loss of ~10% at ~324 °C. Further heating causes a WL of ~16% (hydrogen cyanide, HCN) and ~17% (N 2 ) at ~585 °C and carbon remains as residue [47]. The reduction in T 0 and also, in dT 10 , dT 50 and T p of MMCC-2 in comparison with MCC suggests a slight reduction in thermal stability of surface modified cellulose.…”

Section: Thermal Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 96%

Amine functionalization of microcrystalline cellulose assisted by (3-chloropropyl)triethoxysilane

Rafieian

Mousavi

et al. 2019

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

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Mechanical and thermal studies of metronidazole crystals

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Paracellular Pathway Enhancement of Metformin Hydrochloride via Molecular Dispersion in Span 60 Microparticles

Paracellular Pathway Enhancement of Metformin Hydrochloride via Molecular Dispersion in Span 60 Microparticles

Development, characterization and In-vitro evaluation of guar gum based new polymeric matrices for controlled delivery using metformin HCl as model drug

Amine functionalization of microcrystalline cellulose assisted by (3-chloropropyl)triethoxysilane

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