Development, characterization and In-vitro evaluation of guar gum based new polymeric matrices for controlled delivery using metformin HCl as model drug

Abstract

Currently, hydrogels are considered as ideal biomaterials due to their unique structure and characteristics that facilitates considerable hydrophilicity, swelling, drug loading and release. In this study, we report pH-responsive GG-MAA-AMPS hydrogel delivery system prepared via free radical polymerization technique. Hydrogels were loaded with Metformin HCl as a model drug. Hydrogels were characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR confirmed the successful crosslinking of reactants, hydrogel network formation and drug loading. TGA and DSC proved the higher thermal stability of reactants after crosslinking and drug loading. XRD analysis showed decrease in crystallinity of drug after loading into the hydrogels. SEM revealed smooth and glassy appearance of both loaded and unloaded hydrogels. Gel content was increased with increase in concentration of reactants. Drug entrapment was decreased by increasing concentration of GG and AMPS while MAA acted inversely. Hydrogels displayed pH-dependent swelling and drug release behavior being high at pH 6.8 and 7.4 while low at acidic pH (1.2). Oral tolerability in rabbits showed that hydrogels were safe without causing any hematological or histopathological changes in healthy rabbits. Based on the obtained results, GG-MAA-AMPS can be considered as potential carrier for metformin HCl as well as other hydrophilic drugs.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Rutin–Hydroxypropyl β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes Embedded in Xanthan Gum-Based (HPMC-g-AMPS) Hydrogels for Oral Controlled Drug Delivery

“…The glass transition’s temperature was estimated to be close to 290 °C. AMPS indicated a sharp endothermic peak around 202 °C, which is attributed to the decomposition of sulphonic acid groups [ 69 ]. DSC data of the rutin sample showed an endothermic phase between 56 °C and 150.78 °C resulting from water loss.…”

Study of Hydroxypropyl β-Cyclodextrin and Puerarin Inclusion Complexes Encapsulated in Sodium Alginate-Grafted 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid Hydrogels for Oral Controlled Drug Delivery

“…The DSC analysis results are shown in Figure 3 . AMPS showed a sharp endothermic peak at 202 °C, indicating the decomposition of the sulphonic acid groups [ 34 ]. HP-βCD showed water loss at 77.70 °C and a melting peak around 344.12 °C.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxymethylated Locust Bean Gum‐co‐poly(SA)‐cl‐poly(MBA) pH Responsive Hydrogel for Controlled Drug Delivery of Metformin Hydrochloride

“…The pH dependent release can be brought on by the different levels of hydrogen bonding interaction and electrostatic attraction between the two species at various pH values. As the pH level was raised, there was a concurrent increase in both swelling and osmotic pressure within the polymeric network, leading to an enhanced release of drugs at higher pH solution [40] . Singh et al.…”

“…As the pH level was raised, there was a concurrent increase in both swelling and osmotic pressure within the polymeric network, leading to an enhanced release of drugs at higher pH solution. [40] Singh et al also observed the fast release of the drug in high pH solution than neutral and low pH solutions. [41] The MFH enters the polymer network and spreads through the aqueous channel to the surface of the CMLB-co-poly(SA)-cl-poly(MBA) hydrogel and thus sustained release occurs.…”

“…Smart hydrogels distribute the drug at an appropriate site with required rate. [4] Mechanical, thermal and physical properties of hydrogels can be enhanced by using derivatized natural gums [5,6] because natural gums are more polarized due to the enormous À OH groups showing H-bonding with the aqueous phase, limiting the application of natural gums. These À OH groups will also affect: controlled drug delivery function, [7] excessive moisture, stiffness, reduced viscosity after long storage, chances of microbial contamination, and pH-dependent solubility.…”