Abstract:In the past few years, a new passion for the growth of biodegradable polymers based on elements derived from natural sources has been getting much attention. Natural fiber-based polymer matrix composites offer weight loss, reduction in cost and carbon dioxide emission, and recyclability. In addition, natural fiber composites have a minimal impact on the environment in regards to global warming, health, and pollution. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the best natural resource polymers available among biodegradab… Show more
“…18 In recent years, polymeric composites reinforced with natural fibres have gained great importance due to their more environmentally friendly properties, their mechanical properties and relatively low production costs, among others. 19 Kumar et al (2022) 20 studied the effect of incorporating bamboo plant fibres as a reinforcement on the properties of a PLA polymer matrix. Fico et al (2022) carried out a study for the manufacture of a suitable PLAbased filament reinforced with between 10 wt.…”
A two-step chemical process was carried out on olive pruning residues according to an optimised sequence that led to the isolation of natural fibre with a high cellulose content. Reaction time, temperature and HNO3 concentration in the acid hydrolysis stage were optimised by means of the Response Surface Methodology to achieve the highest removal of hemicellulose and lignin and the highest crystallinity index, minimising cellulose hydrolysis. Subsequent hydrolysis with NaOH allowed to obtain a pulp enriched in cellulose (83.28 wt.%). Analysis revealed that the cellulose isolated had a high crystallinity index (70.06%) and thermal stability ( T max = 357°C). The cellulose obtained was finally used for the manufacture of polymer biocomposites and to evaluate its viability as a filler for polymeric materials. The selected polymer matrix used was polylactic acid (PLA) and the amount of filler was 5 and 15% by weight, respectively. In general, the fibres did not improve the mechanical properties of PLA, and maintained unchanged its melting temperature. Microscopic analysis revealed that PLA/fibre adhesion was stronger for treated fibres. Contradictorily, the composites with untreated fibres presented slightly higher thermal stability. Water uptake increased with the concentration of fibres, being higher in those materials with untreated fibre.
“…18 In recent years, polymeric composites reinforced with natural fibres have gained great importance due to their more environmentally friendly properties, their mechanical properties and relatively low production costs, among others. 19 Kumar et al (2022) 20 studied the effect of incorporating bamboo plant fibres as a reinforcement on the properties of a PLA polymer matrix. Fico et al (2022) carried out a study for the manufacture of a suitable PLAbased filament reinforced with between 10 wt.…”
A two-step chemical process was carried out on olive pruning residues according to an optimised sequence that led to the isolation of natural fibre with a high cellulose content. Reaction time, temperature and HNO3 concentration in the acid hydrolysis stage were optimised by means of the Response Surface Methodology to achieve the highest removal of hemicellulose and lignin and the highest crystallinity index, minimising cellulose hydrolysis. Subsequent hydrolysis with NaOH allowed to obtain a pulp enriched in cellulose (83.28 wt.%). Analysis revealed that the cellulose isolated had a high crystallinity index (70.06%) and thermal stability ( T max = 357°C). The cellulose obtained was finally used for the manufacture of polymer biocomposites and to evaluate its viability as a filler for polymeric materials. The selected polymer matrix used was polylactic acid (PLA) and the amount of filler was 5 and 15% by weight, respectively. In general, the fibres did not improve the mechanical properties of PLA, and maintained unchanged its melting temperature. Microscopic analysis revealed that PLA/fibre adhesion was stronger for treated fibres. Contradictorily, the composites with untreated fibres presented slightly higher thermal stability. Water uptake increased with the concentration of fibres, being higher in those materials with untreated fibre.
“…The reason for this could be that the cellulose in natural fiber acts as a nucleating agent. Rahem et al, 42 Qian et al 43 and Kumar et al 44 reported similar results and remarks.Figure 4.DSC thermogram of PLA/QP powder composites.…”
This study aims to develop sustainable, renewable and biodegradable biocomposite films from environmentally friendly materials. For this purpose, completely biodegradable polymer composites were prepared by mixing polylactic acid (PLA) with a new source, quince peel (QP), by solvent casting method, and their structural, mechanical and thermal properties were examined. The tensile strengths of the composites prepared using QP in proportions varying between 5% (P5Q) and 30% (P30Q) by weight vary between 21.13 ± 0.80 and 12.01 ± 0.10 MPa, and their elongations at break vary between 11.33 ± 0.38 and 4.08 ± 1.06 %. As the QP contribution increased, the tensile strength and breaking elongation of these composites generally decreased, while the elastic modulus also increased. Among these composites, whose elastic modulus varies between 1040.00 ± 140.01 and 811.33 ± 13.31 MPa, it was determined that the elastic modulus (1040.00 ± 140.01 MPa) of the 20% QP added composite (P20Q) was higher than the others. When the thermal analysis of PLA/QP films were examined, it was observed that the glass transition temperatures (Tg) were between 58.54 and 51.45°C and the melting temperatures (Tm) were between 167.71 and 164.28°C, and these temperatures generally decreased with increasing QP doping. When the T50 values, which represent the temperature at which 50% of the composite materials decompose, were examined, it was found that the QP-added ones were higher than the pure composites. While this value was 317.96°C in pure PLA composite, T50 values varied between 327.92 and 340.80°C depending on the varying QP ratios. According to the XRD results performed to evaluate the crystalline properties of PLA composites containing quince bark, the crystallinity of pure PLA was determined as 19.5% and the crystallinity of composites containing 5, 10, 20 and 30 wt % QP additives was determined as 19.3, 18.3, 16.4 and 14.6%, respectively.
“…When WPC is produced from PLA and bamboo fibers with high cellulose and high lignin content, at low ash content, obtained WPC have better mechanical characteristics [28]. If the hot pressing process is used to prepare bamboo fiber/PLA composites, it was concluded that pressure had the most important affect on tensile strength [29]. If the pressing method is used to prepare PLA composites reinforced with bamboo fibers, Lee et al [30] concluded that Young modulus increased with increasing fiber content, but tensile strength decreased.…”
Section: Properties Of Natural Fibre Composite Materials Based On Plamentioning
Polylactic acid (PLA) is aliphatic thermoplastic polyester. Composites based on PLA are biocompatible, biodegradable and non-toxic, which are the main advantages of using such composites. Based on the research results described in this paper, it was concluded that by adding natural fibers to the composite, certain characteristics can be significantly improved. This paper describes some of composite material characteristics based on PLA, modification of PLA, advantages and disadvantages of using PLA in composite materials, composition and methods of obtaining PLA-based composites, as well as the advantages of using wood plastic composites (WPC) based on PLA.
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