Mechanical and degradation properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) cement/borate bioactive glass composites

Abstract

Bone cement is used extensively in orthopedics to anchor prostheses to bone and fill voids. Incorporating bioactive glass into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)‐based bone cement could potentially improve its effectiveness for these tasks. This study characterizes the mechanical and degradation properties of composites containing PMMA‐based bone cement and particles of borate bioactive glass designated as 13‐93B3. Glass particles of size 5, 33, and 100 μm were mixed with PMMA bone cement to create composites containing 20, 30, and 40 wt % glass. Composites and a bone cement control were soaked in phosphate‐buffered saline. Compressive strength, Young's modulus, weight loss, water uptake, solution pH, and ionic concentrations were measured over 21 days. The compressive strengths of composites decreased over 21 days. Average Young's moduli of the composites remained below 3 GPa. Weight loss and water uptake of specimens did not exceed 2 and 6%, respectively. Boron concentrations and pH of all solutions increased over time, with higher glass weight fractions leading to higher pH values. Results demonstrated that the composite can sustain glass degradation and ionic release without compromising short‐term mechanical strength.

Borate Bioactive Glasses (BBG): Bone Regeneration, Wound Healing Applications, and Future Directions

“… 30 , 44 , 46 This type of BBG microfiber has been FDA-approved and commercialized with the trade name Mirragen for wound healing applications. 10 , 47 , 48 …”

“…For preparation of bone cements, initially BBGs were mixed with PMMA powder, which was then combined with the liquid component for polymerization and subsequently pressed into a mold to form a block. 10 BBGs have also been blended with chitosan solution to form an injectable scaffold to heal bone defects. 26 For similar applications, BBG incorporated gelatin-based injectable scaffolds were prepared by mixing gelatin and citric acid with BBG powder.…”

“… Production methods for preparation of BBG-polymeric scaffolds for various applications. 10 , 26 , 63 − 65 , 69 − 71 …”

“…Following the release of dissolution products, BGs are also osteoinductive. 10 However, silicate-based BGs such as 45S5 and 13-93 (composition: 53SiO 2 –20CaO–6Na 2 O–12K 2 O–5MgO–4P 2 O 5 wt %) glasses appear to have limitations for some applications. First, calcium phosphate (CaP) conversion is incomplete.…”

The Role of Chitosan and Graphene Oxide in Bioactive and Antibacterial Properties of Acrylic Bone Cements

“…Acrylic bone cements (ABC) are widely used in orthopedics for joint fixation [1,2], antibiotic release [3], bone defect filling, fractures stabilization, screw augmentation, cranioplasty, vertebroplasty, and kyphoplasty [4][5][6]. One strategy used to provide ABCs with bioactivity is the addition of CS, which, thanks to its excellent biological properties, transfers to the ABC the capacity to generate chemical bonding with the bone in the biological environment, achieving a more stable fixation through the improved interlocking between the bone and cement.…”