Mechanical and combustion properties of sawdust—Straw pellets blended in different proportions

Stasiak, Mateusz; Molenda, M.; Bańda, Maciej; Wiącek, Joanna; Parafiniuk, Piotr; Gondek, Ewa

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2016.09.021

Cited by 67 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In order to improve the physical properties of starch biopolymers, and possibly even reduce the price of the finished product, various types of fillers are added to the materials. Fillers have an impact on the mechanical, technological, physical and chemical properties of the final product (Oniszczuk et al, 2015;Stasiak et al, 2017). Depending on their origin, fillers may be organic or inorganic, and supplied in the powdered, fibrous, or lamellate forms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of starch type and screw speed on mechanical properties of extrusion-cooked starch-based foams

Combrzyński¹,

Wójtowicz²,

Mitrus³

et al. 2019

Int. Agrophys.

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Potato starch and corn starch are popular basic raw materials in the processing of biopolymers. One of the processing methods employed in the manufacture of biopolymers is extrusion-cooking technique. With specific parameters and equipment configurations, it is possible to obtain a wide variety of starch-based biopolymers. Loose fill foams are usually produced with the use of polystyrene, but the adverse environmental effects of conventional plastics provide an incentive for the development of new, environmentally friendly raw materials. The aim of the study was to apply the extrusion-cooking technique to prepare starch-based foams from potato starch and corn starch under various extruder screw speeds applied during processing. Process efficiency and energy consumption were also tested during processing. The expanded foams were analysed by means of cutting and compression tests to evaluate selected mechanical properties. The type of starch used and the processing screw speed had an impact on the efficiency and specific energy requirements of the process. The results showed that the screw speed had a significant effect on the cutting forces in the tested foams as well as on its compression properties. Higher hardness of foams was observed when potato starch was used as the basic raw material. Moreover, corn starch foams proved to be more elastic in compression tests. K e y w o r d s: corn starch, potato starch, foams, compression test, elastic modulus

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of starch type and screw speed on mechanical properties of extrusion-cooked starch-based foams

Combrzyński¹,

Wójtowicz²,

Mitrus³

et al. 2019

Int. Agrophys.

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“…The pellets made of agricultural biomass (i.e. straw) were characterized by significantly lower mechanical durability than the pellets made of wooden biomass [52], which is usually assigned to the higher content of lignin in the wood material (a natural compound binding the material particles) [53].…”

Section: Mechanical Durability Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Freezing Temperature Storage on the Mechanical Durability of Commercial Pellets from Biomass

Dyjakon

Noszczyk

2019

Energies

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The interest in pellets utilization for households heating has been growing significantly in the last several years. However, the pellets need to meet certain quality requirements, including the mechanical durability (DU) index. In the winter seasons, the pellets are very often stored in unheated in-door systems or are transported by trucks over long distances. As a result, the pellets are exposed to external weather factors, including very low temperatures (even freezing ones), which can have a negative impact on the quality parameters of the fuel. There are several parameters affecting mechanical durability, but little is known about the influence of a very low temperature on the pellet properties. The aim of this research was to analyze the influence of freezing temperature storage on the mechanical durability of commercial pellets made of different biomass. The research was carried out in accordance with the international standard for solid biofuels PN-EN ISO 17831-1:2016-02. The samples were investigated under three different conditions: after normal storage conditions (20 °C), after frozen storage conditions (−28 °C) and after the defrosting of the pellets. The results revealed that the freezing process and subsequent defrosting of the pellets only causes a small drop in their mechanical durability in comparison to the normal storage conditions. The highest mechanical durability was established for digestate pellet and pine sawdust pellet, at 99.0 ± 0.1% and 98.7 ± 0.1% respectively (p < 0.05). The greatest change of mechanical durability was observed after the defrosting process of pellets, which in the initial stage and at the normal storage temperature were characterized by low mechanical durability. The pellets made of sunflower husk (DU = 87.4%) and coal/straw blend (DU = 96.2%) were distinguished by the highest change in their mechanical durability (ΔDU = 1.7%, p < 0.05). Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that the storage of pellets at freezing temperature does not significantly affect their mechanical durability. However, if the mechanical durability decreases, this result is related to pellets with low initial mechanical durability.

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“…The bulk density is another important factor of pellet quality, since higher bulk densities of sawdust lead to better transport efficiency, smaller storage spaces, and a higher density of the pellets produced [69,70].…”

Section: Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bioenergetic Potential of Four Oak Species from Northeastern Mexico

Núñez-Retana

Wehenkel

Vega-Nieva

et al. 2019

Forests

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Lack of knowledge regarding the fuel quality of diverse tree species prevents their use. Furthermore, the potential use of wood with the bark of different tree species for pellet production is still relatively unexplored in the scientific literature. In Mexico, the sawdust of Quercus genus (oak) is underutilized, despite it being an important forest resource, due to some anatomical and technological characteristics. The sawdust of Quercus with bark is also considered to have a low economic value. The objective of this study was to analyze the energy characteristics of barked and debarked Quercus sideroxyla, Q. rugosa, Q. laeta, and Q. conzattii in order to evaluate their potential for pellet production. Granulometric distribution, bulk density, proximal analysis, and calorific value tests were carried out. The sawdust of the four tree species studied was in accordance with the limits established by the standard EN 14961-2. Sawdust with a particle size of 0.425 mm had the highest percentage of retained mass (30.33%) (p < 0.05) in the granulometry test. There were no statistical differences in granulometry (p > 0.05) between barked and debarked sawdust for all Quercus species. Barked sawdust presented higher bulk density (p < 0.05) than debarked sawdust (246 and 224 kg/m3, respectively). The moisture content did not show statistical differences (p > 0.05) between barked and debarked sawdust. The volatile material was higher (p < 0.05) in debarked sawdust (88.7%) than in barked sawdust (85.0%). The ash content was below 0.5%. The fixed carbon was higher (p < 0.05) in barked sawdust (14.6%). The calorific value was higher (p < 0.05) in barked sawdust and for the Q. rugosa species (19.5 MJ/kg). The results suggest that the oak species analyzed, both barked and debarked, showed good potential for pellet production. Future studies should quantify fuel quality for a variety of diameter distributions, and analyze pellet mechanical properties and ash slagging risk.

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Mechanical and combustion properties of sawdust—Straw pellets blended in different proportions

Cited by 67 publications

References 19 publications

Effect of starch type and screw speed on mechanical properties of extrusion-cooked starch-based foams

Effect of starch type and screw speed on mechanical properties of extrusion-cooked starch-based foams

The Influence of Freezing Temperature Storage on the Mechanical Durability of Commercial Pellets from Biomass

The Bioenergetic Potential of Four Oak Species from Northeastern Mexico

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