Mechanical and chemical dispersion of nanocelluloses to improve their reinforcing effect on recycled paper

Campano, Cristina; Merayo, Noemí; Balea, Ana; Tarrés, Quim; Delgado-Aguilar, Marc; Mutjé, Pere; Negro, Carlos; Blanco, Ángeles

doi:10.1007/s10570-017-1552-y

Cited by 61 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The amount of hydroxyl groups at the CNF surface is expected to be high, which is mainly due to the huge specific surface that they present. Thus, the interactions with the PVA matrix will be presumably abundant and based on hydrogen bonding, promoting the stress transfer from the matrix to the reinforcement when the nanocomposite is subjected to stress [39,70,83]. CNF generate an expanded high-volume and interconnected web-like structure within the matrix that inhibits the crystallization of PVA, suppressing the free movement of polymer chains and promoting the generation of multiple bonds between polymer and reinforcement, as reported by .…”

Section: Macromechanical Evaluation Of the Compositesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Research on the Strengthening Advantages on Using Cellulose Nanofibers as Polyvinyl Alcohol Reinforcement

et al. 2020

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The present work aims to combine the unique properties of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to obtain high-performance nanocomposites. CNF were obtained by means of TEMPO-mediated ((2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl) oxidation, incorporated into the PVA matrix by means of compounding in a single-screw co-rotating internal mixer and then processed by means of injection molding. It was found that CNF were able to improve the tensile strength of PVA in 85% when 4.50 wt % of CNF were added. In addition, the incorporation of a 2.25 wt % of CNF enhanced the tensile strength to the same level that when 40 wt % of microsized fibers (stone groundwood pulp, SGW) were incorporated, which indicated that CNF possessed significantly higher intrinsic mechanical properties than microsized fibers. SGW was selected as reference for microsized fibers due to their extended use in wood plastic composites. Finally, a micromechanical analysis was performed, obtaining coupling factors near to 0.2, indicating good interphase between CNF and PVA. Overall, it was found that the use of CNF is clearly advantageous to the use of common cellulosic fibers if superior mechanical properties are desired, but there are still some limitations that are related to processing that restrict the reinforcement content at low contents.

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Section: Macromechanical Evaluation Of the Compositesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Research on the Strengthening Advantages on Using Cellulose Nanofibers as Polyvinyl Alcohol Reinforcement

et al. 2020

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“…Cellulose nanofibers are hydrophilic, with high capacity to form strong interfibrillar hydrogen bonds that produce a material with high density and resistance properties. They can be used in nanocellulosic films for coating or as reinforcement for many products in the paper industry (Balea et al, 2018;Campano et al, 2018;He et al, 2016;Josset et al, 2014). Due to their larger specific surface area, nanofibers also have increased accessibility, solubility, and reactivity (Ioelovich & Larina, 1999).…”

Section: Introduction and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured Films Produced from the Bleached Pinus sp. Kraft Pulp

et al. 2019

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This study investigates the physical and mechanical properties of nanostructured films produced from Pinus sp. kraft pulp. To obtain the nanocellulose, the bleached kraft pulp was submitted to six different grinding regimes: two, five, ten, 20, 30, and 40 passes through the grinder. The influence of the number of passes was evaluated through the films’ physical and mechanical properties. The results show that the nanofibers reduced the thickness and considerably increased the density values of the fabricated films. The tensile strength increased more than 300% and the burst index was ten times higher in relation to normal papers. The more compact structure and lower porosity caused by the larger contact surface between nanofibers in the nanostructured films resulted in higher values of density, tensile strength, and burst resistance.

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“…Campano et al [89] studied different pulping conditions, as well as the use of dispersing agents to assess the best conditions for CNC and CNF mixing in a deinked pulp. The highest increment in TI, (30%), was reached when the recovered paper was soaked before its disintegration, the pulping time was long (60 min), and CPAM was used as retention agent.…”

Section: Dispersion Of Nanocellulosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another important parameter is NC dispersion. Some researchers have studied the effect of the NC mixing with the pulps on the mechanical paper properties [89] or the use of dispersant agents to improve the NC dispersion in a polymeric matrix [87,137,140,142]. However, there is no methodology to quantify the dispersion of the NC hydrogels in a water suspension before its application yet, although it may have a big influence on NC.…”

Section: Dimensions and Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Application of Nanocelluloses in Papermaking: A Review of Challenges, Technical Solutions, and Market Perspectives

et al. 2020

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Nanocelluloses (NC) increase mechanical and barrier paper properties allowing the use of paper in applications actually covered by other materials. Despite the exponential increase of information, NC have not been fully implemented in papermaking yet, due to the challenges of using NC. This paper provides a review of the main new findings and emerging possibilities in this field by focusing mainly on: (i) Decoupling the effects of NC on wet-end and paper properties by using synergies with retention aids, chemical modification, or filler preflocculation; (ii) challenges and solutions related to the incorporation of NC in the pulp suspension and its effects on barrier properties; and (iii) characterization needs of NC at an industrial scale. The paper also includes the market perspectives. It is concluded that to solve these challenges specific solutions are required for each paper product and process, being the wet-end optimization the key to decouple NC effects on drainage and paper properties. Furthermore, the effect of NC on recyclability must also be taken into account to reach a compromise solution. This review helps readers find upscale options for using NC in papermaking and identify further research needs within this field.

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Mechanical and chemical dispersion of nanocelluloses to improve their reinforcing effect on recycled paper

Cited by 61 publications

References 28 publications

Research on the Strengthening Advantages on Using Cellulose Nanofibers as Polyvinyl Alcohol Reinforcement

Research on the Strengthening Advantages on Using Cellulose Nanofibers as Polyvinyl Alcohol Reinforcement

Nanostructured Films Produced from the Bleached Pinus sp. Kraft Pulp

Industrial Application of Nanocelluloses in Papermaking: A Review of Challenges, Technical Solutions, and Market Perspectives

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