Measuring Urban Infrastructure Resilience via Pressure-State-Response Framework in Four Chinese Municipalities

Abstract

Urban infrastructure (UI), subject to ever-increasing stresses from artificial activities of human beings and natural disasters due to climate change, assumes a key role in modern cities for maintaining their functional operations. Therefore, understanding UI resilience turns essential. Based on the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model, this paper built a comprehensive evaluation index system for urban infrastructure resilience evaluation. Four municipalities, including Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing in China, were selected for the case study, given their specific significance in terms of geographical location and urban infrastructure scale. Temporal differences of UI resilience in those four cities during 2002–2018 were explored. The results showed that: (1) The various stages of PSR relative importance for the urban infrastructure resilience development in the four cities were different. The infrastructure status, primarily resource environmental benefit, had the most significant effect on urban infrastructure resilience, accounting for 38.73%. (2) While Shanghai ranked first, the levels of urban infrastructure resilience in four cities were generally poor in 2002–2018 with continuously low resilience. (3) Significant differences were found in the resilience levels associated with the three stages of pressure, state and response failing to form a positive development cycle, with the poorest pressure resilience. This paper puts forward some recommendations for providing scientific support for urban resilient infrastructure development in four municipalities in China.

Dynamic evolution of urban infrastructure resilience and its spatial spillover effects: An empirical study from China

“…The current index system for urban infrastructure and its resilience is mainly constructed in terms of energy, water supply and drainage, transportation, communication and other municipal utilities. For example, Chen et al described the state of infrastructure resilience in terms of the gas penetration rate, water penetration rate, and road area per capita [6]. Liu, Chen, Tao, Bai, and Zhang et al constructed indicator systems including the daily domestic water consumption per capita, water supply pipeline density, drainage pipeline density, and road area per capita [5, 7-13, 26, 27, 40-42].…”

“…Previous studies have shown that there are complex spatial and temporal dynamics underlying the resilience of urban infrastructure, as evidenced by the exploration of its spatial and temporal divergence [6,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. However, was a spatial spillover effect of UIR observed?…”

“…Additionally, it can reflect the strength of infrastructure resilience, and improving the level of UIR plays an important role in improving urban governance and promoting resilient city development. Studies assessing the composition and classification of urban infrastructure have all classified it into six major systems and their combinations [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]: water supply and drainage, energy supply, road transport, postal and telecommunications, landscaping and sanitation, and disaster prevention facilities. However, these studies have not clearly described internal and external boundaries, and only the transport facilities system is divided between inner and outer urban transport facilities.…”

“…The study of external coupling of UIR systems is also a hot topic, with Zhou and Bai et al investigating the coupling and coordination of infrastructure resilience systems with urbanization levels and land use efficiency, respectively [24,25]. The scale of research on UIR covers the whole country [26][27][28], cities [6,18,23,29,30], and urban agglomerations [31][32][33][34], etc. The quantitative assessment methods mainly involve entropy weight method [18,19,23,32,33], hierarchical analysis [27,28], and factor analysis [35], and system function curve methods [36][37][38], etc.…”

Community Resilience Assessment and Identification of Barriers in the Context of Population Aging: A Case Study of Changchun City, China

“…In 2021, Ruan established a system of urban resilience indicators with a coupled PSR model and resilience process [27]. Chen evaluated urban infrastructure resilience using the PSR model [28]. Therefore, this paper starts from the connotation of RSR, dismantles the complex process of community resilience, introduces the PSR model, and sorts out the pressure, state, and feedback of communities in the face of risk, which provides support for this paper to build the community resilience evaluation system.…”