Measuring transport related CO2 emissions induced by online and brick-and-mortar retailing

Carling, Kenneth; Han, Mengjie; Håkansson, Johan; Meng, Xiangli; Rudholm, Niklas

doi:10.1016/j.trd.2015.07.010

Cited by 38 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…We focus on the CO 2 emissions of the complete route from regional entry point to consumer residence. Following Carling et al (2013, 2015a, the study concerns the Dalarna region in central…”

Section: Data and Evaluation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the consumer orders the product online rather than buy it in a brick-and-mortar (BM) store, and has it transported by a professional carrier to (in Sweden, uncommonly) the home or to a delivery point in the vicinity of the consumer's home. Carling et al (2015a) found empirically that e-tailing implies a more efficient transportation of the product thereby leading to substantially less CO 2 emissions (the reduction in CO 2 emissions in the standard model was estimated to be 84%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the work of Carling et al (2015a), we know that much more of the transportation is done by trucks in the case a product is being bought online than in a BM-store. As such, the two effects of the introduction of the VMT-tax can be identified.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, there will be a direct demand effect as transportation cost increases. Second, from Carling et al (2015a) and equation (5), we also know that the switch to e-tailing, ceteris paribus, will be countered by the tax. This is so because more of the transportation work is done by trucks in e-tailing compared with brick-and-mortar retailing, and the tax is imposed solely on trucks, thereby increasing the price of the product disproportionally more for online retailers, thus changing the relative price in favor of brick-and-mortar retailing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We follow Carling et al (2015a) in focusing on consumer electronics, as these consumer products constitute the largest e-tailing category in Sweden (HUI Research 2014) and presumably leads the way to online shopping for other consumer products in the future. In this…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect on CO2 emissions of taxing truck distance in retail transports

Carling

Håkansson

Meng

et al. 2017

Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice

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To finance transportation infrastructure and to address social and environmental negative externalities of road transports, several countries have recently introduced or consider a distance based tax on trucks. In competitive retail and transportation markets, such tax can be expected to lower the demand and thereby reduce CO 2 emissions of road transports. However, as we show in this paper, such tax might also slow down the transition towards e-tailing. Considering that previous research indicates that a consumer switching from brick-and-mortar shopping to e-tailing reduces her CO 2 emissions substantially, the direction and magnitude of the environmental net effect of the tax is unclear. In this paper, we assess the net effect in a Swedish regional retail market where the tax not yet is in place. We predict the net effect on CO 2 emissions to be positive, but off-set by about 50% because of a slower transition to etailing.

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Section: Data and Evaluation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect on CO2 emissions of taxing truck distance in retail transports

Carling

Håkansson

Meng

et al. 2017

Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice

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Resource management: ways to sustain the environmental gains of COVID-19 lockdown

Celin

Bhanot

Kalsi

2022

Environ Dev Sustain

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Natural resources are under constant exploitation due to industrialization and urbanization. Ecological disturbance caused by over exploitation of resources is one of the possible reasons for the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the highly infectious nature of this disease, countries across the world have taken self-imposed isolation measures such as lockdown, quarantine, curfew, etc., to limit human-to-human spread. Though this pandemic has shaken the world and left millions suffering, it has also caused surprising positive effects to environment. Due to reduced human pressure on ecosystems during the lockdown, betterment of air, water quality and biodiversity along with reduced consumption of natural resources have been reported. It is necessary to maintain this improvement in order to avoid the environmental benefits slipping away once the world limbs back to normalcy. The benefits acquired in terms of resource conservation prompt us to avoid unnecessary human interference and adopt sustainable life styles. Wide usage of information and communication technologies (viz. work from home, teleconferencing, e-learning and e-commerce) during the pandemic revealed their potential in meeting the needs of human livelihood and played a significant role in improvement in air quality and reduced resource consumption. Implementing them should be a policy measure during an environmental crisis. Active government involvement is necessary for coordinating institutional and policy aspects of resource conservation. Smooth transitioning to more sustainable post-COVID world thus requires coordinated action at individual, local, national and international levels. Restoring environmental resources is essential to prevent future pandemics.

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Comparing influencing factors of online and offline fresh food purchasing: consumption values perspective

Wang,

2023

Environ Dev Sustain

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Measuring transport related CO2 emissions induced by online and brick-and-mortar retailing

Cited by 38 publications

References 20 publications

The effect on CO2 emissions of taxing truck distance in retail transports

The effect on CO2 emissions of taxing truck distance in retail transports

Resource management: ways to sustain the environmental gains of COVID-19 lockdown

Comparing influencing factors of online and offline fresh food purchasing: consumption values perspective

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