Measuring the underwater received power behavior for 433 mhz radio frequency based on different distance and depth for the development of an underwater wireless sensor network

Abstract

Underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) important to enhance the widely use of the application of the Internet of things (IoT) for underwater. Uses of the acoustics base of wave propagations are the best ways to establish the UWSN. But the unpracticality of the hardware due to the size and cost has limited the application of UWSN. Radio frequency (RF) wave propagation is the best way to overcome this situation. Low frequency of the RF wave is proven feasible and suitable for underwater communication. 433 MHz RF were chosen to measuring the underwater received power behavior between the transmitter node and receiver node based on different distance and depth. HC12 transceiver module was used as a transmitter and spectrum analyzer with the telescopic antenna was used as a receiver. The received power give a good reading when the transmitter note was at 0.5-meter depth with a maximum operating range within 12 meters from the receiver.

Security of Underwater and Air-Water Wireless Communication

“…Moreover, it also suffers from many other drawbacks, such as high attenuation (beside absorption and scattering, seawater conductivity seriously affects the propagation of electromagnetic waves), low bandwidth, very short communication range (typically less than 10m) and requiring large antennas. Nevertheless, occasionally, RF-based underwater WCNs have been practically deployed, as reported in the literature: [26,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36].…”

Use of the 433MHz band for underwater communications in controlled environments

“…Existen investigaciones y aplicaciones del uso de la frecuencia de 433 MHz, donde miden el comportamiento de la energía recibida bajo el agua, en función de diferentes distancias y profundidades y donde buscan el desarrollo de una red de sensores inalámbricos [12]. En este estudio se enfatiza que el uso de esta frecuencia es factible y adecuado para la comunicación submarina con un rango máximo de 12 metros del receptor.…”

Analysis and Simulation of BER Performance of Chaotic Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Systems

“…So in [8] the results of the implementation of underwater communication by means of electromagnetic waves with a frequency of 433 MHz are presented. As a result of the tests, the authors achieved a connection range of up to 14 m at the sensitivity limit of the receiving path.…”