Measuring the Rate of Spread of Chaparral Prescribed fires in Northern California

Stephens, Scott L.; Weise, David R.; Fry, Danny L.; Keiffer, Robert J.; Dawson, Jim; Koo, Eunmo; Potts, Jennifer B.; Pagni, Patrick J.

doi:10.4996/fireecology.0401074

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Fernandes (2009) in conifer forest litter in Sevivas, Portugal, concluded that the Byram (1959) model under-predicted observed experimental fl ame length. Similar results were found by Stephens et al (2008) when comparing the predicted Byram's fl ame length with observed values from Chaparral Prescribed Fires in Northern California. The Byram's fi reline intensity is useful to quantify certain fl ame characteristics but one should not necessarily always expect good agreement between observed fl ame lengths and predictions (CHENEY, 1990;CRUZ, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…According the same authors, the MAPE was 42%. Under-prediction bias by the Rothermel (1972) surface fi re spread model was already reported by several other authors such as McCaw (1995) in Australian shrubland; Grabner et al (1999) in oak savannas in the USA; Stephens et al (2008) and Weise et al (2016) in chaparral fuel beds of California; and others. Cruz and Alexander (2013) in a review over 49 different publications that evaluated the effi ciency of several different rate of spread predicting models (including the Rothermel model), determined that only 3% of the predictions (35 out of 1278) were considered to be exact.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Fire Behavior Predicting Models Efficiency in Brazilian Commercial Eucalypt Plantations

White

Ribeiro

et al. 2016

CERNE

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Knowing how a wildfire will behave is extremely important in order to assist in fire suppression and prevention operations. Since the 1940's mathematical models to estimate how the fire will behave have been developed worldwide, however, none of them, until now, had their efficiency tested in Brazilian commercial eucalypt plantations nor in other vegetation types in the country. This study aims to verify the accuracy of the Rothermel (1972) fire spread model, the Byram (1959) flame length model, and the fire spread and length equations derived from the McArthur (1962) control burn meters. To meet these objectives, 105 experimental laboratory fires were done and their results compared with the predicted values from the models tested. The Rothermel and Byram models predicted better than McArthur's, nevertheless, all of them underestimated the fire behavior aspects evaluated and were statistically different from the experimental data. EFICIÊNCIA DE MODELOS DE PREVISÃO DO COMPORTAMENTO DO FOGO EM PLANTAÇÕES COMERCIAIS DE EUCALIPTO NO BRASILRESUMO: Saber como o fogo irá se comportar durante um incêndio florestal é de fundamental importância a fim de aprimorar e desenvolver atividades de prevenção e combate. Desde a década de 1940, modelos matemáticos para estimar o comportamento do fogo têm sido desenvolvidos no mundo inteiro, entretanto, nenhum deles, até hoje, teve sua eficiência avaliada em plantações comerciais de eucalipto no Brasil nem, tampouco, em outras vegetações encontradas no país. Este estudo tem por objetivo verificar a eficiência do modelo de propagação do fogo superficial de Rothermel (1972), do modelo de comprimento das chamas de Byram (1959) e das equações de velocidade de propagação e comprimento das chamas baseadas nas tabelas de McArthur (1962

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Fire Behavior Predicting Models Efficiency in Brazilian Commercial Eucalypt Plantations

White

Ribeiro

et al. 2016

CERNE

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“…Nevertheless, there are some studies that concluded that the BehavePlus usually underestimates the data obtained from experimental burnings (STREEKS et al, 2005;STEPHENS et al, 2008, FERNANDES, 2009. Therefore, it is recommended that the BehavePlus should be used only by experienced forest fire managers who can combine the simulated results with field experience, to forecast the fire behavior with superior effectiveness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building Fuel Models and Simulating Their Surface Fire Behavior in the “Serra De Itabaiana” National Park, Sergipe, Brazil

White¹,

Ribeiro²,

Ribeiro³

et al. 2013

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The objectives of this research were, for scientific and management purposes, to build fuel models and simulate their fire behavior. Three different vegetation types (shrublands, grass fields and tropical forests) of the "Serra de Itabaiana" National Park were analyzed. The fuel models were developed by destructive sampling and the collected data was inserted in the software "BehavePlus 5.0". The results revealed that the fuel model for the shrublands presented the longest flame length, the highest fireline intensity and the greatest heat release per unit area. The fuel model for the grass fields presented the fastest surface rate of spread; and the fuel model for the tropical forests the lower fire intensity. Keywords: Fire simulator; BehavePlus; conservation units. Resumo Construindo modelos de material combustível e simulando o seu comportamento de fogo no ParqueNacional Serra de Itabaiana, SE. Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de construir modelos de material combustível para três diferentes formações vegetacionais (florestas arbustivas, campos graminosos e florestas tropicais), localizadas dentro do Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana, e simular o comportamento do fogo dentro dessas fitofisionomias, para efeitos de pesquisa e manejo. Para tal, modelos foram construídos através de amostragem destrutiva e os dados coletados inseridos no programa "BehavePlus 5.0". De acordo com os resultados, o modelo para as florestas arbustivas apresentou o maior comprimento de chamas, a maior intensidade do fogo e a maior quantidade de energia liberada por unidade de área. O modelo para os campos graminosos apresentou maior velocidade de propagação do fogo e, no modelo para as florestas tropicais, o fogo simulado apresentou menor intensidade. Palavras-chave: Manejo do fogo; BehavePlus; unidades de conservação.

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“…Decisions should not be taken based solely on simulations, as discrepancies between simulated and experimental data are commonly found in published works (e.g. GOULD et al, 1996;BURROWS, 1994;BURROWS, 1999;CRUZ;FERNANDES, 2008;MCCAW et al, 2008;STEPHENS et al, 2008;FERNANDES, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelos Matemáticos Empíricos Para Descrever O Comportamento Do Fogo Em Plantações Comerciais De Eucalipto No Brasil

White

Ribeiro

et al. 2016

CERNE

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Modeling forest fire behavior is an important task that can be used to assist in fire prevention and suppression operations. However, according to previous studies, the existing common worldwide fire behavior models used do not correctly estimate the fire behavior in Brazilian commercial hybrid eucalypt plantations. Therefore, this study aims to build new empirical models to predict the fire rate of spread, flame length and fuel consumption for such vegetation. To meet these objectives, 105 laboratory experimental burns were done, where the main fuel characteristics and weather variables that influence fire behavior were controlled and/or measured in each experiment. Dependent and independent variables were fitted through multiple regression analysis. The fire rate of spread proposed model is based on the wind speed, fuel bed bulk density and 1-h dead fuel moisture content (r 2 = 0.86); the flame length model is based on the fuel bed depth, 1-h dead fuel moisture content and wind speed (r 2 = 0.72); the fuel consumption proposed model has the 1-h dead fuel moisture, fuel bed bulk density and 1-h dead dry fuel load as independent variables (r 2 = 0.80). These models were used to develop a new fire behavior software, the "Eucalyptus Fire Safety System". MODELOS MATEMÁTICOS EMPÍRICOS PARA DESCREVER O COMPORTAMENTO DO FOGO EM PLANTAÇÕES COMERCIAIS DE EUCALIPTO NO BRASILRESUMO: A modelagem do comportamento do fogo consiste em uma importante tarefa que pode ser utilizada para atividades de prevenção e combate. Entretanto, com base em estudos anteriores, os modelos comumente utilizados em outros países não o estimam corretamente nos plantios de eucalipto híbrido no Brasil. Sendo assim, este estudo teve por objetivo construir novos modelos empíricos para estimar a velocidade de propagação, comprimento das chamas e consumo do material combustível para o fogo dentro da respectiva vegetação em questão. Para tal, 105 queimas laboratoriais foram realizadas em que as principais características meteorológicas e do material combustível que poderiam interferir no comportamento do fogo foram controladas e/ou medidas. Variáveis dependentes e independentes foram correlacionadas por meio da regressão multivariada. O modelo para a velocidade de propagação proposto baseou-se na velocidade do vento, densidade do leito e no teor de umidade do material combustível de 1h de timelag (r 2 = 0,86); o modelo para o comprimento das chamas baseou-se na espessura do leito, no teor de umidade do material combustível de 1h de timelag e na velocidade do vento (r 2 = 0,72); o modelo para o consumo do material combustível teve como variáveis independentes o teor de umidade do material combustível de 1h de timelag, a densidade do leito e a carga do material combustível de 1h de timelag (r 2 = 0,80). Os modelos construídos serviram de base para o desenvolvimento do software "Eucalyptus Fire Safety System".

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Measuring the Rate of Spread of Chaparral Prescribed fires in Northern California

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

Fire Behavior Predicting Models Efficiency in Brazilian Commercial Eucalypt Plantations

Fire Behavior Predicting Models Efficiency in Brazilian Commercial Eucalypt Plantations

Building Fuel Models and Simulating Their Surface Fire Behavior in the “Serra De Itabaiana” National Park, Sergipe, Brazil

Modelos Matemáticos Empíricos Para Descrever O Comportamento Do Fogo Em Plantações Comerciais De Eucalipto No Brasil

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