Measuring the Fragmentation of the Internet: The Case of the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) During the Ukrainian Crisis

Douzet, Frédérick; Pétiniaud, Louis; Salamatian, Loqman; Limonier, Kévin; Salamatian, Kavé; Alchus, Thibaut

doi:10.23919/cycon49761.2020.9131726

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Scholars have begun to use the characteristics of a country's Internet technology network of autonomous systems (ASs) and the number of "points of control" to rank and characterize digital infrastructure in terms of the level of control governments can exert over citizen access to telecommunications networks and the data flowing across them (Douzet et al, 2020). Autonomous systems route traffic to and from individual devices to the broader Internet, which in turn is a collection of other ASs.…”

Section: Infrastructure Of Repressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyber Peace

2022

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The international community is too often focused on responding to the latest cyber-attack instead of addressing the reality of pervasive and persistent cyber conflict. From ransomware against the city government of Baltimore to state-sponsored campaigns targeting electrical grids in Ukraine and the U.S., we seem to have relatively little bandwidth left over to ask what we can hope for in terms of 'peace' on the Internet, and how to get there. It's also important to identify the long-term implications for such pervasive cyber insecurity across the public and private sectors, and how they can be curtailed. This edited volume analyzes the history and evolution of cyber peace and reviews recent international efforts aimed at promoting it, providing recommendations for students, practitioners and policymakers seeking an understanding of the complexity of international law and international relations involved in cyber peace. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

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Section: Infrastructure Of Repressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyber Peace

2022

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“…Among them, CAIDA's AS Core Internet Graph research is representative [16]. BGP routing information analysis produces various information such as topology changes, routing connections, network instability, network threats, and network attributes [16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Bgp Route View Project Overviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cyberspace attack capability exerts firepower in cyberspace, but physical destruction rarely occurs [6]. However, if a critical physical node and network infrastructure is destroyed, simultaneous effects can be created in the physical and cyberspace domains [6,20].…”

Section: Cyber Ipb Visualization Plan At the Physical Network Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Cyber IPB Visualization Method based on BGP Archive Data for Cyber Situation Awareness

2021

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Cyber powers around the world are conducting cyber information-gathering activities in cyberspace, a global domain within the Internet-based information environment. Accordingly, it is imperative to obtain the latest information through the cyber intelligence preparation of the battlefield (IPB) process to prepare for future cyber operations. Research utilizing the cyber battlefield visualization method for effective cyber IPB and situation awareness aims to minimize uncertainty in the cyber battlefield and enable command control and determination by commanders. This paper designed architecture by classifying cyberspace into a physical, logical network layer and cyber persona layer to visualize the cyber battlefield using BGP archive data, which is comprised of BGP connection information data of routers around the world. To implement the architecture, BGP archive data was analyzed and pre-processed, and cyberspace was implemented in the form of a Di-Graph. Information products that can be obtained through visualization were classified for each layer of the cyberspace, and a visualization method was proposed for performing cyber IPB. Through this, we analyzed actual North Korea's BGP and OSINT data to implement North Korea's cyber battlefield centered on the Internet network in the form of a prototype. In the future, we will implement a prototype architecture based on Elastic Stack.

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“…Les couches basses représentent donc un enchevêtrement de routes physiques et logiques où circulent la totalité des flux de données échangées sur Internet, quelle que soit la plateforme, le service ou le logiciel que l'on utilise. De fait, il s'agit de corridors ayant une importance géopolitique significative (Pétiniaud et Salamatian, 2020), ainsi qu'ont pu le montrer certains travaux récents qui se sont intéressés aux stratégies de contrôle mise en place par l'Iran (Salamatian et al, 2019) ou par divers acteurs dans le cadre de la crise ukrainienne (Douzet et al, 2020). En effet, toute tentative de manipulation (Demchak et al, 2018), de contrôle ou de mise hors d'état de fonctionner de ces flux physiques ou logiques a des conséquences directes sur la circulation des données, et donc sur le fonctionnement global d'Internet et de toutes les activités humaines qui s'y déroulent (Dainotti et al, 2011).…”

Section: éTat De L'artunclassified