Measuring the effects of urban heat island mitigation techniques in the field: Application to the case of pavement-watering in Paris

Hendel, Martin; Gutierrez, Pierre; Colombert, Morgane; Diab, Youssef; Royon, Laurent

doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2016.02.003

Cited by 70 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Outside temperature serves to illustrate the duration and intensity of the heat wave being considered but is not meant to represent the immediate outdoor conditions of the study site which may differ greatly. These measurements were conducted 1.5 m above ground level approximately 2.5 km away from the study location in a dense urban location [36]. Over the course of the selected period, outside air temperature ranged from 18.3°C to 39.5°C, while average bedroom temperature ranged from 26.4°C to 31.9°C for ITI and from 26.0°C to 28.5°C for ETI.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral adaptation to heat-related health risks in cities

Hendel

Azos-Diaz

Tréméac

2017

Energy and Buildings

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Heat-related mortality is of growing concern for cities faced with the combined effects of increasing heatwave frequency and intensity and stronger urban heat islands (UHI). In cities around the world, high air temperatures have been found to have strong repercussions in terms of heat-related mortality for populations aged 65 years and older, especially nighttime temperatures. In response, many measures have been proposed to counteract the effects of UHI such as cool roofs and materials or urban greening. While these approaches are promising and are rightfully explored, behavioral adaptation measures have not received as much attention. Given the importance of nighttime temperatures on heat-wave mortality and the importance of sleep quality for individuals to recover from intense daytime heat exposure, adapting sleeping habits to reduce sleep time exposure to intense heat may help reduce the health impacts of heat-waves. In this paper, outdoor and indoor temperature measurements conducted over the summer of 2015 in the bedrooms of two apartments in Paris, France are analyzed. The potential for this kind of behavioral adaptation to reduce occupant exposure to high sleep time temperatures is quantified and discussed. The policy implications of our findings and their practicality are also mentioned.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral adaptation to heat-related health risks in cities

Hendel

Azos-Diaz

Tréméac

2017

Energy and Buildings

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“…Similarly, the decrease in turbulence due to the transition of the temperature of the bricks from being warmer than the air to being colder than the air, as well as the effect of entrainment and vertical wind, was not taken into account in the calculation. Instead, we continued to use the observed U gust in Equation (4).…”

Section: Discussion Of Energy Balance Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The comeback of uchimizu is interesting because of its claimed reduction of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect [4]. The UHI is a well-documented phenomenon that refers to higher temperatures…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uchimizu: A Cool(ing) Tradition to Locally Decrease Air Temperature

Solcerová

Emmerik

Hilgersom

et al. 2018

Water

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Abstract:The urban heat island effect was first described 200 years ago, but the development of ways to mitigate heat in urban areas reaches much further into the past. Uchimizu is a 17th century Japanese tradition, in which water is sprinkled around houses to cool the ground surface and air by evaporation. Unfortunately, the number of published studies that have quantified the cooling effects of uchimizu are limited and only use surface temperature or air temperature at a single height as a measure of the cooling effect. In this research, a dense three-dimensional Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) setup was used to measure air temperature with high spatial and temporal resolution within one cubic meter of air above an urban surface. Six experiments were performed to systematically study the effects of (1) the amount of applied water; (2) the initial surface temperature; and (3) shading on the cooling effect of uchimizu. The measurements showed a decrease in air temperature of up to 1.5 • C at a height of 2 m, and up to 6 • C for near-ground temperature. The strongest cooling was measured in the shade experiment. For water applied in quantities of 1 mm and 2 mm, there was no clear difference in cooling effect, but after application of a large amount of water (>5 mm), the strong near-ground cooling effect was approximately twice as high as when only 1 mm of water was applied. The dense measurement grid used in this research also enabled us to detect the rising turbulent eddies created by the heated surface.

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“…The city of Paris launched an experimental study focused on the estimation of the impact of the watering of sidewalks and roads during summer days (Hendel et al, 2015(Hendel et al, , 2016. This experiment (Fig.…”

Section: Observations Databases and Data Sharingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated urban services: Experience from four cities on different continents

et al. 2020

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A B S T R A C TRapid urbanization combined with climate change necessitates new types of urban services that make best use of science and technology. The Integrated Urban Hydro-Meteorological, Climate and Environmental Services and systems are a new initiative from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) that seeks to provide science-based integrated urban services supporting safe, healthy and resilient cities. Various cities have already started development and implementation of such Integrated Urban Services and successfully test and use them following specific requirements of local stakeholders. This paper demonstrates the novel concept and approach of Integrated Urban Hydro-Meteorological, Climate and Environmental Services (IUS) from a set of four case study cities: Hong Kong, Toronto, Mexico City and Paris, that use different IUS configurations with good existing practice. These cities represent a range of countries, climates and geophysical settings. The aggregate main joint similarities of the IUS in these cities and synergy of the cities' experience, achievements and research findings are presented, as well as identification of existing gaps in knowledge and further research needs. A list of potential criteria for identifying and classifying IUS demonstration cities is proposed. It will aid future, more detailed analysis of the IUS experience, and selection of additional demonstration cities. Introduction to urban data and services needsUrbanization is an ongoing phenomenon and a growing number of urban settings are particularly vulnerable to weather and climate events, including floods, storms, heat waves, sea-level rise and poor air quality. In addition, urban dwellers are the primary users of energy and resources, and contribute in a significant way to increasing atmospheric greenhouse gasses as well as air pollution. These alterations to the atmosphere from urban to global scales have consequent impacts on human health and the environment. But the urban setting also provides exciting opportunities for scientific advancement in the field of new observations, data assimilation, high resolution coupled modeling and user-specific systems and services for sustainable and climate smart cities.Most (90%) of the disasters affecting urban areas are of a hydro-meteorological nature and these have increased due to climate https://doi.

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Measuring the effects of urban heat island mitigation techniques in the field: Application to the case of pavement-watering in Paris

Cited by 70 publications

References 21 publications

Behavioral adaptation to heat-related health risks in cities

Behavioral adaptation to heat-related health risks in cities

Uchimizu: A Cool(ing) Tradition to Locally Decrease Air Temperature

Integrated urban services: Experience from four cities on different continents

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