Measuring the Disaster Resilience of an Urban Community Using ANP‐FCE Method from the Perspective of Capitals

Abstract

Objective. Facing increasingly frequent disasters, the resilience concept can make up the limitations of traditional community disaster management. This article evaluated the disaster resilience in an urban community from the perspective of capital, and provides measurements for stakeholders to enhance the community resilience. Methods. On the basis of selected capital indicators using systematic literature review, the urban community resilience framework is established based on analytic network process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Finally, the results are analyzed using the importance-performance analysis. Results. First, 12 indicators within three dimensions of community capitals are identified. Then, the weights of social, economic, and natural capital are calculated as 33, 41, and 26 percent, respectively. Afterward, taking a waterlogging disaster as an example, an aged community acquired a 46.57 score of resilience. The importance-performance quadrant shows the priority of factors to be improved. Conclusion. Relationship, norms, demographic characteristics, voluntary activity, physical facilities, communication system, general property, dedicated assets, resources, energy, ecological environment, and artificial environment are considered as key capitals of community resilience. In addition, a general framework to calculate and evaluate the resilience in a community is established that provides a benchmark for rating the resilience of urban communities.Various natural hazards-such as earthquake, storm, flood, and waterlogging-are becoming increasingly normalized. These uncertain disturbances described as the "worst in a hundred-year period" or "ever recorded," as well as "the most serious in history" are often reported in the news and have catastrophic consequences for urban communities, including human casualties, property damage, functional failures, and social order imbalance. For example, two destructive hurricanes, Harvey and Irma, made landfall in the southern United States in 2017, resulting floods, power failure, and severe casualties. In 2012, China's capital, Beijing, suffered an extremely heavy rainstorm. Seventy-nine people died, more than 10,000 community houses collapsed, and the economic losses reached 11.64 billion yuan. In 2011, a 9.0 magnitude earthquake and a tsunami in Tohoku, Japan, killed more than 18,500 people and displaced nearly half a million.Governments and organizations worldwide have issued a series of policies and regulations to combat the disaster problems. Among them, the concept of "resilience" has attracted increasing attention worldwide and offers unique advantages for

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