Periodic changes in Universal
IntroductionIn previous papers we presented a theoretical model for the short-term influences of ocean tides on Universal Time (UT1) and polar motion (Brosche et al. 1989;Seiler 1989;Seiler 1991;Wiinsch and Seiler 1992). The model included the most important semi-diurnal (Mz, S2, N2), diurnal (K1, 01, PI) and long-period tides (Mf, Mf', Mm, Ssa) and agrees fairly well with estimates from VLBI observations (Wiinsch and BuBhoff 1992;Herring 1993;Sovers et al. 1993).To this end, we measure the importance of a partial tide by the amplitude of the tide-generating potential. Since the geodetic functions that were introduced by Doodson (Bartels 1957) have the same maximum for all partial tides, the importance of a partial tide is easily expressed by a dimensionless factor K, which is by definition the amplitude of the tidal potential relative to the maximum of the geodetic function. For the abovementioned tides K is between 0.90812 (Mz) and 0.07287 (Ssa).Here we extend our model by further 24 tidal constituents. We take into account all partial tides of degree 2 for which K is at least 0.01. There are eight semi-diurnal constituents with periods from 11.97 to 12.92 hours and -except for the stronger Kz -a K around 0.03. Half of the partial tides considered in this paper are in the diurnal band, distributed over the period range 22.30 to 27.85 hours with a K between 0.01 and 0.07. Finally, there are four long-period tides (monthly, fortnightly and two periods around nine days),The main goal of this study is to get an idea about the size of those terms neglected in presently used models.
2.
MethodsThe distributions of sea surface elevation and tidal currents were simulated with a numerical model. It is of the unconstrained type and has a resolution of lo x 1'. The effects of loading and self-attraction are accounted for in the parametrized form introduced by Accad and Pekeris (1978). For details on the model see Seiler (1989Seiler ( , 1991.Let P, denote the oceanic relative angular momentum (the contribution from the tidal currents), P e the angular momentum associated with the variable part of the oceanic tensor of inertia. For the computation of UT1variations, the components of P, and Po parallel to the axis of rotation have to be used. As was pointed out by Wiinsch and BuShoff (1992), AUT1 has to be calculated from an effective angular momentum P = Pr + (1 + ~' , ) P B