Measuring Multiple Deprivation at the Small-Area Level

Noble, Michael; Wright, Gemma; Smith, George Adam; Dibben, Chris

doi:10.1068/a37168

Cited by 446 publications

(459 citation statements)

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“…When reporting on the development of the Indexes of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), Noble et al (2006) point out the tendency for datedness of census outputs and the deficiency of direct measures of deprivation including that the lack of access to a car may be a problematic proxy for income deprivation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Index of Multiple Deprivation (Noble et al, 2006) is the government's current preferred indicator of deprivation in England. Similar, but not directly comparable, IMDs have been developed for the other countries in the UK.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…People can be deprived of adequate education, housing of good quality, rewarding employment, sufficient income, good health and opportunities for enjoyment (Dorling, 1996). To identify relatively deprived areas in the UK, various indexes have been devised such as: the Jarman Underprivileged Area index (UPA) (1983); the Townsend index (1987); the Carstairs index (Carstairs and Morris, 1989); Breadline Britain (Gordon, 1995); the Index of Local Conditions (DoE, 1983 and1994); the Index of Local Deprivation (Noble et al, 2000); and the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD, 2004;Noble et al, 2006). The UK indexes have mainly been at the electoral ward scale (a relatively local, small area geography) and are predominantly based on a composite of census-derived variables as indicators of relative conditions between areas although in the recent IMD alternative geographies and input variables are used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identifying Change Over Time in Small Area Socio-Economic Deprivation

Norman

2009

Appl. Spatial Analysis

119

105

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The measurement of area level deprivation is the subject of a wide and ongoing debate regarding the appropriateness of the geographical scale of analysis, the input indicator variables and the method used to combine them into a single figure index. Whilst differences exist, there are strong correlations between schemes.Many policy-related and academic studies use deprivation scores calculated cross-sectionally to identify areas in need of regeneration and to explain variations in health outcomes. It would be useful then to identify whether small areas have changed their level of deprivation over time and thereby be able to:monitor the effect of industry closure; assess the impact of area-based planning initiatives; or determine whether a change in the level of deprivation leads to a change in health. However, the changing relationship with an outcome cannot be judged if the 'before' and 'after' situations are based on deprivation measures which use different, often time-point specific variables, methods and geographies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identifying Change Over Time in Small Area Socio-Economic Deprivation

Norman

2009

Appl. Spatial Analysis

119

105

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“…Twentyfive per cent of the population are of South Asian ethnicity compared with 6% nationally. Under the ranking scheme of the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD 2000), Elswick ward is within the top 50 most deprived areas of the nation (36 out of 8414 areas) 15 . Ethical permission for the study was obtained from the Northumberland and Tyne and Wear Local Research Ethics Committee.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast-feeding and maternal mental well-being among Bangladeshi and Pakistani women in north-east England

Noor

Rousham

2007

Public Health Nutr.

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Objectives: To explore the relationship between infant feeding and maternal mental well-being among women of Bangladeshi and Pakistani ethnicity; and to explore the sources of advice, information and support available to women before and after childbirth. Design: A cross-sectional survey of infant feeding and maternal well-being via structured interviews conducted in the home. Setting: Home visits within two inner-city wards of Newcastle upon Tyne. Subjects: Eighty-six women of South Asian ethnicity. Results: Enjoyment of everyday activities was higher among women who breastfed only (P 5 0.028); whereas feeling sad or crying during pregnancy was lower among breast-feeding women (P 5 0.005), as was not sleeping well (P 5 0.003) and feeling that everything was too much (P 5 0.039), compared with women who used formula or mixed feeding. Women who breast-fed only had better mean mood scores than those who formula-fed or those who both breast-fed and formula-fed (P , 0.001). Mean mood responses were also significantly associated with the mother's level of understanding of English and number of years in education (P 5 0.005 and P 5 0.003, respectively). The association between method of feeding and maternal mood remained strong after controlling for the effects of English language and maternal education. Conclusions: The study suggests that breast-feeding may be an important mediator of maternal mental well-being after childbirth. Community-based programmes tailored to the needs of Bangladeshi and Pakistani women which support breast-feeding and encourage exclusive breast-feeding may be of benefit. Keywords Breast-feeding Postnatal depression EthnicityAccess and provision of mental health services to black and minority ethnic groups in the UK has been the subject of extensive Government consultation in recent years 1,2 . Current policies for the general population include the blanket administration of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Screening Questionnaire (EPDS) by health visitors as an initial tool for identifying women at risk of postnatal depression (PND) 3 . However, the EPDS screening questionnaire has not been well validated within black and minority ethnic groups 1 . The EPDS has been found to be unsatisfactory for use among ethnic minority groups, even when applied by link workers who are matched ethnically and linguistically to the cultural group that they work with 4,5 . Health visitors have reported that the word 'depression' is non-existent in many ethnic languages, and that initiating discussions about feelings during the postnatal period can be difficult 4,5 . Recently, the Community Practitioners and Health Visitors Association (CPHVA) piloted a picture booklet to elicit feelings about mood as an alternative to the EPDS. Following the pilot scheme and evaluation, and positive feedback from mothers, this resource is now recommended by the CPHVA for use with women from ethnic minorities 4,5 . The aim of the present study was to examine the experiences of Bangladeshi and Pakistani women during ...

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“…The advantage of space syntax methods for studies of immigrant quarters is that they deal with the city at street scale, rather than the common method of aggregated areal studies (see Noble et al, 2000 andBallas, 2004). In addition, a key aspect of space syntax methods is that they deal with the relationship between local to global properties of spatial structures (in this case, as in many others, entire cities were mapped and analysed).…”

Section: Analysis Of Spatial Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Jewish Immigrant Settlement Patterns in Manchester and Leeds 1881

Vaughan

Penn

2006

Urban Studies

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This paper examines the 19 th century Jewish immigrant quarters of Manchester and Leeds. It uses original census data to look at the entire population of the two areas of initial settlement. Analysis of family and kin structure, occupations of head of household, country of origin and length of time in the country as well as analysis of the settlement patterns at the street-level are combined to examine the phenomenon of immigrant clustering. We conclude that the complex social and economic processes involved in the establishment of a new migrant community in its host society result in spatial clustering and that the spatial clustering in close proximity to sources of income is critical in enabling future integration of the immigrant group.

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Measuring Multiple Deprivation at the Small-Area Level

Abstract: In this paper we draw together the key principles which underpin the indices of multiple deprivation that have been created for the different countries within the United Kingdom over the last five years. The paper relates to the

Cited by 446 publications

References 9 publications

Identifying Change Over Time in Small Area Socio-Economic Deprivation

Identifying Change Over Time in Small Area Socio-Economic Deprivation

Breast-feeding and maternal mental well-being among Bangladeshi and Pakistani women in north-east England

Jewish Immigrant Settlement Patterns in Manchester and Leeds 1881

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